Dairy fortification as a good option for dietary nutrition status improvement of 676 preschool children in China: A simulation study based on a cross-sectional diet survey (2018-2019).

Chinese children are deficient in several essential nutrients due to poor dietary choices. Dairy products are a source of many under-consumed nutrients, but preschool children in China consume dairy products significantly less than the recommended level. From the cross-sectional dietary intake survey of infants and young children aged 0-6 years in China (2018-2019), preschool children (age: 3-6 years) (n = 676) were selected. The four-day dietary data (including 2 working days and 2 weekends) collected through an online diary with reference to the food atlas were used for analysis and simulation. In scenario 1, individual intake of liquid milk equivalents was substituted at a corresponding volume by soymilk, cow's milk, or formulated milk powder for preschool children (FMP-PSC). In scenario 2, the amount of cow's milk or FMP-PSC increased to ensure each child's dairy intake reached the recommended amount (350 g/day). In both scenarios, the simulated nutrient intakes and nutritional inadequacy or surplus were compared to the survey's actual baseline data. It was suggested suggested that replacing dairy foods with FMP-PSC at matching volume is better than replacing them with soymilk or cow's milk to increase the intake of DHA, calcium, iron, zinc, iodine, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B3, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin D. Moreover, our results suggested that adding FMP-PSC to bring each child's dairy intake to the recommended amount can bring the intakes of dietary fiber, DHA, calcium, iron, zinc, iodine, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B3, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin D more in line with the recommendations when compared with cow's milk. Accurate nutrition information should be provided to the parents of preschool children so as to guide their scientific consumption of dairy products and the usage and addition of fortified dairy products can be encouraged as needed.

Ding Y ，Han F ，Xie Z ，Li G ，Zhuang Y ，Yin J ，Fu M ，You J ，Wang Z ... -  《Frontiers in Nutrition》

Impact of Replacing Soft Drinks with Dairy Products on Micronutrient Intakes of Chinese Preschool Children: A Simulation Study.

Zhuang Y ，Yin J ，Han F ，You J ，Ding Y ，Wang Z ... -  《Nutrients》

Dairy Intake Would Reduce Nutrient Gaps in Chinese Young Children Aged 3-8 Years: A Modelling Study.

Jia X ，Wang D ，Eldridge AL ，Zhang B ，Zhang X ，Wang H ... -  《Nutrients》

Milk beverages can reduce nutrient inadequacy among Brazilian pre-school children: a dietary modelling study.

Previous studies found high prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamins E, D and K, calcium and potassium among Brazilian pre-school children, with suboptimal consumption of dairy products. Dietary modelling was applied to determine the theoretical impact of improving dairy products consumption on nutrient adequacy in 4-5-year-old Brazilian children. Adherence to the dairy recommendation of two servings/day was calculated using data from the Brazil Kids Nutrition and Health Study (KNHS) (n = 228). Two modelling scenarios were applied to test the impact on nutrient intakes of (1) adding one or two servings of a frequently consumed cow's milk or a widely available fortified alternative: pre-school children milk (PCM), and of (2) substituting the current milk consumed by PCM. Mean nutrient intakes and percentage of children adhering to the nutrient recommendations were determined at baseline and after applying modelling scenarios. Seventy-six percent (n = 174) of children did not meet the recommended daily two servings of dairy products, 56% had less than one serving of dairy products on the day of recall. The mean consumption of whole milk (fortified and unfortified) was 147 g/d, yoghurt 114 g/d and cheese 34 g/d. The addition of one serving of cow's milk demonstrated a 17% reduction in calcium inadequacy, 18% reduction in vitamin A and 3% reduction in zinc inadequacy. Adding one serving of PCM further reduced calcium inadequacy from 87 to 41%, vitamin E from 81 to 37%, and zinc inadequacy by 10%. Replacing the child's current milk with a PCM resulted in further reduction of micronutrient inadequacies, including calcium, vitamin D and vitamin E. Dairy products consumption in pre-school children should be encouraged to reduce nutrient inadequacies. In particular, consumption of PCM would help to reduce calcium, vitamin D and vitamin E inadequacy, nutrients of concern in this population.

Lenighan YM ，Tassy M ，Nogueira-de-Almeida CA ，Offord EA ，Mak TN ... -  《-》

The Nutritional Impact of Milk Beverages in Reducing Nutrient Inadequacy among Children Aged One to Five Years in the Philippines: A Dietary Modelling Study.

Mak TN ，Angeles-Agdeppa I ，Tassy M ，Capanzana MV ，Offord EA ... -  《Nutrients》