The Microbiota of Human Lung of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and the Alteration Caused by Anti-tuberculosis Drugs.

An in-depth understanding of the lung microbiota in tuberculosis (TB) infection could provide optimal strategies for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. Only a few studies have investigated the impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and anti-TB treatment on the lung microbiota. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples were collected from 23 active TB patients (TBZ), 17 latent tuberculosis infection patients (LTBI), 13 healthy controls (HC), and 14 active TB patients with 1-month anti-TB therapy (TBM) for 16S RNA sequencing and serological indexes, respectively. Low body mass index, albumin, and total triglyceride levels were detected in TBZ. Pulmonary Mtb infection led to a minor decrease in the alpha diversity of the lung microbiota in TBZ than HC, but a significant difference was noted in beta diversity. Subsequently, anti-TB therapy caused a rapid alteration in the lung community structure due to reduced alpha and beta diversity. Proteobacteria were abundant in TBZ samples, while Firmicutes was predominant in the LITB and HC samples. Lactobacillus and Subdoligranulum (genera) were the most unique in the LTBI and HC group, respectively. The TBM group showed the most predominant abundance of Bacteroides, Oscillospira, and Ruminococcus (genera). Functional pathways, such as indole alkaloid biosynthesis, Wnt signaling pathway, endocytosis, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, significantly decreased in the TBM group compared with TBZ group. Pulmonary TB and anti-TB treatment caused a distinct dysbiosis of the lung microbiome. The current findings suggested potential links between the lung microbiota and TB onset, progression, and treatment.

Zhang M ，Shen L ，Zhou X ，Chen H ... -  《-》

Gut microbiota associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and dysbiosis caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs.

An improved understanding of the gut microbiota could lead to better strategies for the diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis of tuberculosis (TB). The impact of both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and anti-TB treatment on the gut microbiota has rarely been studied. We characterized the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in pulmonary TB patients as well as the effects of anti-TB drugs on the gut microbiota. Pulmonary Mtb infection led to a minor decrease in the α diversity of the gut microbiota when compared to healthy controls, which mainly resulted from changes in the relative abundance of the members of genus Bacteroides. Anti-TB therapy caused a rapid, significant alteration in the community structure. The relative abundance of members of genus Clostridiales of the phylum Firmicutes significantly decreased during anti-TB treatment, while many members of genus Bacteroides, including Bacteroides OTU230 and Bacteroides fragilis, were among the taxa that increased. OTU8 and OTU2972 assigned to family Erysipelotrichaceae of the phylum Firmicutes showed a dramatic increase 1 week after the start of therapy, while the other members of this family decreased. Pulmonary TB and anti-TB treatment caused a distinct dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Our study contributes valuable information implying potential links between the gut microbiota and TB.

Hu Y ，Yang Q ，Liu B ，Dong J ，Sun L ，Zhu Y ，Su H ，Yang J ，Yang F ，Chen X ，Jin Q ... -  《-》

Distinct lung microbial community states in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Hu Y ，Kang Y ，Liu X ，Cheng M ，Dong J ，Sun L ，Zhu Y ，Ren X ，Yang Q ，Chen X ，Jin Q ，Yang F ... -  《-》

Insights into the Unique Lung Microbiota Profile of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Using Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing.

Xiao G ，Cai Z ，Guo Q ，Ye T ，Tang Y ，Guan P ，Zhang J ，Ou M ，Fu X ，Ren L ，Yu M ，Wang Z ，Liu L ，Yang L ，Zhang G ... -  《Microbiology Spectrum》

Profiling the airway in the macaque model of tuberculosis reveals variable microbial dysbiosis and alteration of community structure.

Cadena AM ，Ma Y ，Ding T ，Bryant M ，Maiello P ，Geber A ，Lin PL ，Flynn JL ，Ghedin E ... -  《Microbiome》