Global burden of rheumatic heart disease: trends from 1990 to 2019.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a critical public health issue worldwide, and its epidemiological patterns have changed over the decades. This article aimed to estimate the global trends of RHD, and attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Data on RHD burden were explored from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Trends of the RHD burden were estimated using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR). During 1990-2019, increasing trends in the ASR of incidence and prevalence of RHD were observed worldwide, with the respective EAPCs of 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52 to 0.63) and 0.57 (95%CI 0.50 to 0.63). Meanwhile, increasing trends commonly occurred in low and middle Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions and countries. The largest increasing trends in the ASR of incidence and prevalence were seen in Fiji, with the respective EAPCs being 2.17 (95%CI 1.48 to 2.86) and 2.22 (95%CI 1.53 to 2.91). However, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to RHD showed pronounced decreasing trends of ASR globally, in which the EAPCs were - 2.98 (95%CI - 3.03 to - 2.94) and - 2.70 (95%CI - 2.75 to - 2.65), respectively. Meanwhile, decreasing trends were also observed in all SDI areas and geographic regions. The largest decreasing trends of death were observed in Thailand (EAPC = - 9.55, 95%CI - 10.48 to - 8.61). Among the attributable risks, behavioral risk-related death and DALYs caused by RHD had pronounced decreasing trends worldwide and in SDI areas. Pronounced decreasing trends of death and DALYs caused by RHD were observed in regions and countries from 1990 to 2019, but the RHD burden remains a substantial challenge globally. The results would inform the strategies for more effective prevention and control of RHD.

Ou Z ，Yu D ，Liang Y ，Wu J ，He H ，Li Y ，He W ，Gao Y ，Wu F ，Chen Q ... -  《-》

Spatiotemporal trends in global burden of rheumatic heart disease and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019.

The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and its trends in different countries, regions, genders and age groups globally. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in the ASRs were used to describe the burden of disease and its trends. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between sociodemographic index (SDI) values and the observed trends. In 2019, the ASRs of the incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of RHD were 37.39/105 (95%UI, 28.59/105 to 46.74/105), 513.68/105 (95%UI, 405.01/105 to 636.25/105), 3.85/105 (95%UI, 4.29/105 to 3.29/105) and 132.88/105 (95%UI, 115.02/105 to 150.34/105), respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence and prevalence of RHD showed upward trends and the mortality and DALYs showed downward trends. Countries or regions in Africa, South America and South Asia had a greater burden of RHD. The burden of RHD was greater in women, where as men showed more obvious increasing trends in the incidence and prevalence. The incidence of RHD was highest in adolescents, and the prevalence was highest in young and middle-aged. The mortality and DALYs rate associated with RHD increased with age. The EAPCs in the ASRs were negatively correlated with the SDI value. Although the ASRs of mortality and DALYs attributable to RHD are decreasing globally, RHD remains an important public health problem that needs to be addressed urgently, especially in certain low- and middle-income countries and regions.

Zhang L ，Tong Z ，Han R ，Li K ，Zhang X ，Yuan R ... -  《-》

Trends in burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in countries, regions, and worldwide from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease study.

Ou ZJ ，Yu DF ，Liang YH ，He WQ ，Li YZ ，Meng YX ，Xiong HS ，Zhang MY ，He H ，Gao YH ，Wu F ，Chen Q ... -  《-》

Trends Analysis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma at the National, Regional, and Global Level, 1990-2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a common hematologic malignancy. This article aimed to estimate the trends of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) globally from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Data on the NHL burden were explored from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. The trends of NHL burden were estimated using age-standardized rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Results: The ASR of NHL incidence showed an increasing trend worldwide from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of.56 [95% CI: 0.45-0.66]. Meanwhile, increasing trends were observed in both sexes and in most geographic regions, particularly East Asia (EAPC = 3.57, 95% CI: 3.29-3.86). The most pronounced increasing trends were seen in Georgia (EAPC = 4.7, 95% CI: 4.20-5.21), followed by Belarus and Uzbekistan. However, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by NHL showed decreasing trends globally, in which the respective EAPCs were -0.09 (95% CI: -0.17 to -0.02) and -0.28 (95% CI: -0.35 to -0.22). Decreasing trends were mainly seen in high and high-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) areas. At the national level, the largest increasing trends of death and DALYs were observed in Georgia, in which the respective EAPCs were 4.54 (95% CI: 4.01-5.07) and 4.97 (95% CI: 4.42-5.52). Conclusions: Decreasing trends of death and DALYs caused by NHL were observed worldwide from 1990 to 2019, but NHL remains a substantial challenge globally. The findings would inform the strategies for reducing the burden of NHL.

Cai W ，Zeng Q ，Zhang X ，Ruan W ... -  《Frontiers in Medicine》

Trends of cervical cancer at global, regional, and national level: data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

Zhang X ，Zeng Q ，Cai W ，Ruan W ... -  《-》