Relationship between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer: Probiotics as a potential strategy for prevention.

Gut microbiota comprise microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract. Some of these microbiota are implicated in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we highlight studies on the effects of meat intake and fermented foods on characteristics of gut microbiota that can influence colitis-associated factors underlying CRC. Gut microbiota can influence the development and progression of CRC, through influencing factors such as secretion of toxins; enzymes for activating carcinogenesis (including β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, azoreductase, nitroreductase, and alcohol dehydrogenase); hydrogen sulfide generation; generation of reactive oxygen species and inflammation; secondary bile salt transformation; and products of protein fermentation. Additionally, some studies that the composition of gut microbiota (probiotics) or prebiotics plays an important role in the production of short chain fatty acids, inactivation enzymes for carcinogenesis, antioxidant activities, and inhibition of pathogen colonization. In this review, we discuss various explanatory mechanisms of the relationship between the multifactorial role of the gut microbiota and the development of CRC. Moreover, this review provides fundamental information on dietary fermented food and the gut microbiota, which is helpful for healthy people and those with CRC alike.

Lee SY ，Lee DY ，Kang JH ，Kim JH ，Jeong JW ，Kim HW ，Oh DH ，Yoon SH ，Hur SJ ... -  《-》

Probiotics, prebiotics and colorectal cancer prevention.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third major cause of mortality among various cancer types in United States, has been increasing in developing countries due to varying diet and dietary habits and occupational hazards. Recent evidences showed that composition of gut microbiota could be associated with the development of CRC and other gut dysbiosis. Modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics and prebiotics, either alone or in combination could positively influence the cross-talk between immune system and microbiota, would be beneficial in preventing inflammation and CRC. In this review, role of probiotics and prebiotics in the prevention of CRC has been discussed. Various epidemiological and experimental studies, specifically gut microbiome research has effectively improved the understanding about the role of probiotics and microbial treatment as anticarcinogenic agents. A few human studies support the beneficial effect of probiotics and prebiotics; hence, comprehensive understanding is urgent to realize the clinical applications of probiotics and prebiotics in CRC prevention.

Ambalam P ，Raman M ，Purama RK ，Doble M ... -  《-》

Gut microbiota modulation: a tool for the management of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer death and the third most frequently diagnosed cancer. Besides the lifestyle, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and environmental factors, gut microbiota also plays a vital role in CRC development. The interruption of the commensal relationship between gut microbiota and the host could lead to an imbalance in the bacteria population, in which the pathogenic bacteria become the predominant population in the gut. Different therapeutic strategies have been developed to modify the gut immune system, prevent pathogen colonization, and alter the activity and composition of gut microbiota, such as prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Even though the employed strategies exhibit promising results, their translation into the clinic requires evaluating potential implications and risks, as well as assessment of their long-term effects. This study was set to review the gut microbiota imbalances and their relationship with CRC and their effects on CRC therapy, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. More importantly, we reviewed the strategies that have been used to modulate gut microbiota, their impact on the treatment of CRC, and the challenges of each strategy.

Wang Y ，Li H 《Journal of Translational Medicine》

Transformation of colitis and colorectal cancer: a tale of gut microbiota.

Xia K ，Gao R ，Li L ，Wu X ，Wu T ，Ruan Y ，Yin L ，Chen C ... -  《-》

Circulating bile acids as a link between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular health: impact of prebiotics, probiotics and polyphenol-rich foods.

Pushpass RG ，Alzoufairi S ，Jackson KG ，Lovegrove JA ... -  《-》