The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Job Burnout of Healthcare Workers and Mediating Role of Workplace Violence: A Cross Sectional Study.

Globally, reducing job burnout among healthcare workers is considered a basic healthcare policy goal. Emotional intelligence, as an essential protective factor against psychosocial risks and a measurable positive psychological resource, still receives less attention in the process of reducing job burnout among healthcare workers. This study aims to explore the level of job burnout among healthcare workers who are victims of workplace violence in China, to examine the influence of emotional intelligence on job burnout among healthcare workers, and to verify the mediating role of workplace violence; furthermore, providing a new perspective for health organizations and hospital administrators in order to relieve the level of job burnout and workplace violence among healthcare workers. A cross-sectional study was used to collect data from six tertiary public hospitals in three provinces (cities) in Eastern (Shandong and Tianjin) and Western (Gansu) China in 2018, which are large healthcare sites providing care to patients upon referral from primary and secondary hospitals. A total of 2,450 questionnaires were distributed, with 2,061 valid questionnaires and a valid return rate of 88.95%. Of these, 825 healthcare workers had experienced workplace violence, accounting for 40.03% of the sample. A descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and mediated regression analysis were used to assess the level of job burnout among healthcare workers who are victims of violence, the effect of emotional intelligence on job burnout, and the mediating role of workplace violence. The mean job burnout score of the healthcare personnel who were victims of violence was 35.56, with 70% suffering from moderate and high burnout. The emotional intelligence of healthcare workers is significantly negatively correlated with the degree of job burnout (Emotional exhaustion: r = 0.18, p < 0.01, Depersonalization: r = 0.24, p < 0.01, Reduced personal achievement: r = 0.24, p < 0.01) and workplace violence frequency (r = -0.22, p < 0.01). Further, workplace violence has a partial mediating effect on emotional intelligence and the two dimensions of job burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization). This study is the first to combine emotional intelligence level, experiences of workplace violence, and job burnout levels of healthcare workers. We suggest that improving the emotional intelligence of healthcare staff has practical significance in reducing the level of job burnout directly and will reduce the incidence of burnout by reducing the frequency of violence (especially for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization). We provide specific and effective strategies for developing and guiding healthcare workers in the healthcare sector based on emotional intelligence.

Cao Y ，Gao L ，Fan L ，Jiao M ，Li Y ，Ma Y ... -  《Frontiers in Public Health》

The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: the mediating role of social support.

Duan X ，Ni X ，Shi L ，Zhang L ，Ye Y ，Mu H ，Li Z ，Liu X ，Fan L ，Wang Y ... -  《Health and Quality of Life Outcomes》

Effects of verbal violence on job satisfaction, work engagement and the mediating role of emotional exhaustion among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey conducted in Chinese tertiary public hospitals.

Recently, Chinese ministries and commissions have issued a series of policies and systems in response to violent injuries to doctors, physical violence have been managed to a certain extent. However, verbal violence has not been deterred and is still prevalent, it has not received appropriate attention. This study thus aimed to assess the impact of verbal violence on the organisational level and identify its risk factors among healthcare workers, so as to provide practical methods for verbal violence reduction and treatment of the complete period. Six tertiary public hospitals were selected in three provinces (cities) in China. After excluding physical and sexual violence, a total of 1567 remaining samples were included in this study. Descriptive, univariate, Pearson correlation and mediated regression analyses were employed to assess the difference between the variables, emotional responses of healthcare workers to verbal violence and the relationship between verbal violence and emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and work engagement. Nearly half of the healthcare workers in China's tertiary public hospitals experienced verbal violence last year. Healthcare workers who experienced verbal violence had strong emotional response. The exposure of healthcare workers to verbal violence significantly positively predicted the emotional exhaustion (r=0.20, p<0.01), significantly negatively predicted job satisfaction (r=-0.17, p<0.01) and work engagement (r=-0.18, p<0.01), but was not associated with turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion partially mediated the effects of verbal violence on job satisfaction and work engagement. The results indicate that the incidence of workplace verbal violence in tertiary public hospitals in China is high and cannot be ignored. This study is to demonstrate the organisational-level impact of verbal violence experienced by healthcare workers and to propose training solutions to help healthcare workers reduce the frequency and mitigate the impact of verbal violence.

Cao Y ，Gao L ，Fan L ，Zhang Z ，Liu X ，Jiao M ，Li Y ，Zhang S ... -  《-》

Mediating role of depression between workplace violence and job burnout among healthcare workers.

Zhao X ，Zhang Z ，Chen Z ，Tian Y ，Chen H ，Zhou J ... -  《-》

Workplace violence against nurses, job satisfaction, burnout, and patient safety in Chinese hospitals.

Most nurses have experienced some form of workplace violence, which could lead to physical or psychological harm and reduced job performance. Previous studies have examined the effects of workplace violence on nurses' job satisfaction and patient safety, but there have been very few examinations of whether workplace violence affects patient safety through nurse job satisfaction and burnout. To investigate the relationships among workplace violence, nurse outcomes and patient safety. To explore whether nurse burnout and job satisfaction play mediating roles in the association of workplace violence and patient safety. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 23 hospitals in Guangdong province in China to collect data from 1502 nurses. A structural equation model design was tested with validated measurement instruments. Nurse-reported workplace violence was found to be associated directly with higher incidences of burnout, less job satisfaction, lower patient safety and more adverse events. Nurse burnout was associated directly with lower patient safety and more adverse events. Higher nurse job satisfaction was associated directly with higher patient safety. Nurse burnout and job satisfaction played mediating roles in workplace violence and patient safety. The model explained 19.8% and 35.0% of nurse-reported patient safety and adverse events, respectively. It is important for administrators to consider how to protect nurses from workplace violence, to improve their wellbeing at work, and to deliver safe patient care. When nurses experience workplace violence, it is necessary to pay attention to their emotional reactions and job attitudes, and to provide them with support in order to avoid adverse impacts on patient safety. Further practices and research initiatives to support nurses' safety at work are recommended.

Liu J ，Zheng J ，Liu K ，Liu X ，Wu Y ，Wang J ，You L ... -  《-》