Update on the Role and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded cellular particles released by virtually any cell type, containing numerous bioactive molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs act as a very efficient intercellular communication system by releasing their content into target cells, thus affecting their fate and influencing several biological processes. EVs are released both in physiological and pathological conditions, including several types of cancers. In hematological malignancies (HM), EVs have emerged as new critical players, contributing to tumor-to-stroma, stroma-to-tumor, and tumor-to-tumor cell communication. Therefore, EVs have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of several HM, contributing to tumor development, progression, and drug resistance. Furthermore, tumor EVs can reprogram the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and turn it into a sanctuary, in which cancer cells suppress both the normal hematopoiesis and the immunological antitumor activity, conferring a therapy-resistant phenotype. Due to their physicochemical characteristics and pro-tumor properties, EVs have been suggested as new diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and pharmacological nanocarriers. This review aims to provide an update on the pathogenetic contribution and the putative therapeutic utility of EVs in hematological diseases.

Bazzoni R ，Tanasi I ，Turazzi N ，Krampera M ... -  《-》

Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biology to Therapy.

Caivano A ，La Rocca F ，Laurenzana I ，Trino S ，De Luca L ，Lamorte D ，Del Vecchio L ，Musto P ... -  《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES》

Deciphering the messages carried by extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membrane-bound particles released from all living cells examined thus far. EVs can transfer information in the form of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from donor cells to recipient cells. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the role(s) EVs play in hematological malignancies (HM) and outline potential prognostic and diagnostic strategies using EVs. EVs have been shown to promote proliferation and angiogenesis, and alter the bone marrow microenvironment to favour the growth and survival of diverse HM. They also promote evasion of anti-cancer immune responses and increase multi-drug resistance. Using knowledge of EV biology, including HM-specific packaging of cargo, EV based diagnostics and therapeutic approaches show substantial clinical promise. However, while EVs may represent a new paradigm to solve many of the challenges in treating and/or diagnosing HM, much work is needed before they can be used clinically to improve patient outcomes.

Longjohn MN ，Hudson JBJ ，Smith NC ，Rise ML ，Moorehead PC ，Christian SL ... -  《-》

Extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies.

Litwińska Z ，Łuczkowska K ，Machaliński B 《-》

[Research Advances on Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment of Patients with Hematological Malignancies--Review].

Fei CM ，Chang CK 《-》