Halides and oxyhalides-based photocatalysts for abatement of organic water contaminants - An overview.

Recently, halides (silver halides, AgX; perosvkite halides, ABX3) and oxyhalides (bismuth oxyhalides, BiOX) based nanomaterials are noticeable photocatalysts in the degradation of organic water pollutants. Therefore, we review the recent reports to explore improvement strategies adopted in AgX, ABX3 and BiOX (X = Cl, Br and I)-based photocatalysts in water pollution remediation. Herein, the photocatalytic degradation performances of each type of these photocatalysts were discussed. Strategies such as tailoring the morphology, crystallographic facet exposure, surface area, band structure, and creation of surface defects to improve photocatalytic activities of pure halides and BiOCl photocatalysts are emphasized. Other strategies like metal ion and/or non-metal doping and construction of composites, adopted in these photocatalysts were also reviewed. Furthermore, the way of production of active radicals by these photocatalysts under ultraviolet/visible light source is highlighted. The deciding factors such as structure of pollutant, light sources and other parameters on the photocatalytic performances of these materials were also explored. Based on this literature survey, the need of further research on AgX, ABX3 and BiOX-based photocatalysts were suggested. This review might be beneficial for researchers who are working in halides and oxyhalides-based photocatalysis for water treatment.

Suresh R ，Rajendran S ，Kumar PS ，Hoang TKA ，Soto-Moscoso M ... -  《-》

Recent developments on bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX; X = Cl, Br, I) based ternary nanocomposite photocatalysts for environmental applications.

Photocatalytic treatment of organic pollutants present in wastewater using semiconductor nanomaterials under light irradiation is one of the efficient advanced oxidation processes. Stable metal oxide (e.g. TiO2) based semiconductor photocatalytic systems have been mainly investigated for this purpose. Nevertheless, their large band gap (~3.2 eV) makes them inefficient in utilization of visible light portion of solar light leading to a lower degradation efficiency. Investigations have focused on the development of visible light responsive bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX; X = Cl, Br, I), one of the potential nanomaterials with unique layered structure, for efficient absorption of solar light for the degradation of pollutants. However, the rapid recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers limits their practical applicability. To overcome such drawbacks, the development of BiOX based ternary nanocomposites received significant attention because of their unique structural and electronic properties, improved visible light response and increased separation and transfer rate of photogenerated charge carriers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent developments on bismuth oxyhalides-based ternary nanocomposites for enhanced environmental pollutants decomposition under visible light irradiation. The principles of photocatalysis, synthetic methodologies of bismuth oxyhalides and their characteristics such as heterojunctions formation, improved visible light response and separation rate of charge carriers and the mechanisms for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity are discussed. In addition, the future prospects on the improvement in the photocatalytic activity of bismuth oxyhalides-based ternary nanocomposites are also discussed. This review could be beneficial for designing new ternary nanocomposites with superior visible light photocatalytic efficiency.

Arumugam M ，Natarajan TS ，Saelee T ，Praserthdam S ，Ashokkumar M ，Praserthdam P ... -  《-》

Modulation of valence band maximum edge and photocatalytic activity of BiOX by incorporation of halides.

To better know the photocatalytic performance of bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX, X = Cl, Br, I) regulated by incorporation of halides within nanostructures, BiOX nanosheets were synthesized through morphology controllable solvothermal method and characterized systematically. The organic structural property greatly influences the photocatalytic activity of BiOX: 1) as for neutral molecular phenol, BiOX shows photocatalytic activity in the order of BiOCl > BiOBr > BiOI under simulated sun light irradiation, and the photo-oxidation kinetics follow Eley-Rideal mechanism; and 2) for adsorbed anionic orange II (OII) and cationic methylene blue (MB), BiOX shows photocatalytic activity in the order of BiOCl > BiOBr > BiOI, and the photo-oxidation kinetics follow Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. The crystal structure of the catalyst also greatly influences the photocatalytic activity of BiOX: 1) The relative photo-oxidation power of O2•- radicals or HO radicals involved in this study were different which were quantitatively detected using typical radical trapping agent, separately; 2) The relative oxidation power of photogenerated holes (h+) in this study were in the order of BiOCl > BiOBr > BiOI, which may be ascribed to lowering the valence band maximum edge of BiOX through incorporation of halides as the atomic number of halides decreased. This study provides novel explanation for fabricating BiOX heterojunctions with tunable photocatalytic reactivity via regulating the halides ratio.

Lv J ，Hu Q ，Cao C ，Zhao Y ... -  《-》

BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) photocatalytic nanomaterials: Applications for fuels and environmental management.

Energy and environmental issues are the major concerns in our contemporary "risk society". As a green technique, photocatalysis has been identified as a promising solution for above-mentioned problems. In recent decade, BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) photocatalytic nanomaterials have sparked numerous interest as economical and efficient photocatalysts for energy conversion and environmental management. The distinctive physicochemical properties of BiOX nanomaterials, especially their energy band structures and levels as well as relaxed layered nanostructures, should be responsible for the visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance improvement, which could be utilized in dealing with the global energy and environmental challenges. In this review, recent advances for the enhancement of BiOX photocatalytic activity are detailedly summarized. Furthermore, the applications of BiOX photocatalysts in water splitting and refractory organic pollutants removal are highlighted to offer guidelines for better development in photocatalysis. Particularly, no relative reports in previous studies were documented in CO2 reduction as well as heavy metals and air pollutants removal, thus this review presented as a considerable research value. Challenges in the construction of high-performance BiOX-based photocatalytic systems are also discussed. With the exponential growth of studies on BiOX photocatalytic nanomaterials, this review provides unique and comprehensive perspectives to design BiOX-based photocatalytic systems with superior visible light photocatalytic activity. The knowledge of both the merits and demerits of BiOX photocatalysts are updated and provided as a reference.

Yang Y ，Zhang C ，Lai C ，Zeng G ，Huang D ，Cheng M ，Wang J ，Chen F ，Zhou C ，Xiong W ... -  《-》

Recent advances on bismuth oxyhalides for photocatalytic CO(2) reduction.

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into fuels such as CO, CH4, and CH3OH, is a promising approach for achieving carbon neutrality. Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX, where X = Cl, Br, and I) are appropriate photocatalysts for this purpose due to the merits of visible-light-active, efficient charge separation, and easy-to-modify crystal structure and surface properties. For practical applications, multiple strategies have been proposed to develop high-efficiency BiOX-based photocatalysts. This review summarizes the development of different approaches to prepare BiOX-based photocatalysts for efficient CO2 reduction. In the review, the fundamentals of photocatalytic CO2 reduction are introduced. Then, several widely used modification methods for BiOX photocatalysts are systematacially discussed, including heterojunction construction, introducing oxygen vacancies (OVs), Bi-enrichment, heteroatom-doping, and morphology design. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the design of future BiOX-based photocatalysis for efficient CO2 reduction are examined.

Xu L ，Yu JC ，Wang Y 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》