Biomedical engineering of two-dimensional MXenes.

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides, referred to MXenes, with a general chemical formula of Mn+1XnTx have aroused considerable interest and shown remarkable potential applications in diverse fields. The unique ultrathin lamellar structure accompanied with charming electronic, optical, magnetic, mechanical and biological properties make MXenes as a kind of promising alternative biomaterials for versatile biomedical applications, as well as uncovering many new fundamental scientific discoveries. Herein, the current state-of-the-art advances of MXenes-related biomaterials are systematically summarized in this comprehensive review, especially focusing on the synthetic methodologies, design and surface engineering strategies, unique properties, biological effects, and particularly the property-activity-effect relationship of MXenes at the nano-bio interface. Furthermore, the elaborated MXenes for varied biomedical applications, such as biosensors and biodevices, antibacteria, bioimaging, therapeutics, theranostics, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, are illustrated in detail. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and opportunities for future advancement of MXene-based biomaterials in-depth on the basis of the present situation, aiming to facilitate their early realization of practical biomedical applications.

Huang H ，Dong C ，Feng W ，Wang Y ，Huang B ，Chen Y ... -  《-》

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for biomedical applications.

Huang K ，Li Z ，Lin J ，Han G ，Huang P ... -  《-》

Emerging Trends and Recent Progress of MXene as a Promising 2D Material for Point of Care (POC) Diagnostics.

Chouhan RS ，Shah M ，Prakashan D ，P R R ，Kolhe P ，Gandhi S ... -  《Diagnostics》

Fabrication Methods, Structural, Surface Morphology and Biomedical Applications of MXene: A Review.

Avinashi SK ，Mishra RK ，Singh R ，Shweta ，Rakhi ，Fatima Z ，Gautam CR ... -  《-》

MXene in the lens of biomedical engineering: synthesis, applications and future outlook.

Zamhuri A ，Lim GP ，Ma NL ，Tee KS ，Soon CF ... -  《Biomedical Engineering Online》