Dietary carotenoid intake and osteoporosis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018.

Higher intake of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were associated with lower risk of osteoporosis. A very high intake of lutein + zeaxanthin was also associated with lower risk of osteoporosis. These results support the beneficial role of carotenoids on bone health. To examine the associations of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin intake with the risk of osteoporosis based on the cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2018. This study identified individuals ≥ 50 years old with valid and complete data on carotenoid intake and bone mineral density (BMD). Intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin was averaged from two 24-h recall interviews. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and converted to T-scores; osteoporosis was defined as a T-score ≤  - 2.5. We used logistic regression models to test the associations between carotenoids and osteoporosis, adjusting for factors such as age, sex, race, and education. Participants were on average 61.9 years of age, with 57.5% identifying as females. Higher quintiles of β-carotene (odds ratio [OR] for quintile 5 vs. 1:0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.59; P for trend = 0.010) and β-cryptoxanthin intake (OR for quintile 5 vs. 1:0.61; 95% CI: 0.39-0.97; P for trend = 0.037) were associated with reduced risk of osteoporosis. Similar and marginally significant results for lutein + zeaxanthin intake was found (OR for quintile 5 vs. 1:0.53; 95% CI: 0.30-0.94; P for trend = 0.076). There was no association of α-carotene and lycopene intake with osteoporosis. These associations did not differ by sex (all P_interaction > 0.05). Higher β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin intake was associated with decreased osteoporosis risk. A very high intake of lutein + zeaxanthin was also associated with lower risk of osteoporosis.

Kan B ，Guo D ，Yuan B ，Vuong AM ，Jiang D ，Zhang M ，Cheng H ，Zhao Q ，Li B ，Feng L ，Huang F ，Wang N ，Shen X ，Yang S ... -  《-》

Association between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adults Aged 30-75 Years Using Data from the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008-2011).

Regu GM ，Kim H ，Kim YJ ，Paek JE ，Lee G ，Chang N ，Kwon O ... -  《Nutrients》

Association between dietary carotenoid intakes and the risk of asthma in adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 2007-2012.

To investigate the association between dietary carotenoid intake and asthma using data from a nationally representative sample of US adults. Cross-section study. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012. A total of 13 039 participants aged 20-80 years (current asthma n=1784, non-current asthma n=11 255) were included in this study. Asthma was defined by self-report questionnaires. Weighted logistic regression analyses and the smooth curve fittings were performed to explore the association between total carotenoid intake, dietary carotenoid subgenera, including (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein with zeaxanthin and lycopene) and the risk of asthma. The ORs with 95% CIs of dietary α-carotene, dietary β-carotene, dietary β-cryptoxanthin, total lutein with zeaxanthin, total lycopene, dietary carotenoid and total carotenoid intake for individuals with current asthma after adjusting the confounders in model 3 were 0.80 (0.67 to 0.95), 0.67 (0.57 to 0.79), 0.68 (0.55 to 0.85), 0.77 (0.61 to 0.98), 0.71 (0.57 to 0.87), 0.75 (0.59 to 0.96) and 0.61 (0.48 to 0.76) in the highest versus lowest quartile, respectively. The smooth curve fittings suggested a non-linear relationship between total carotenoid intake and the risk of current asthma. Higher intake of a-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein with zeaxanthin and total carotenoid were associated with lower odds of having current asthma in the US adults. This is a cross-sectional study and no causal relationship can be drawn, so caution is needed to interpret the results.

Zhang W ，Li W ，Du J 《BMJ Open》

Serum carotenoid levels inversely correlate with depressive symptoms among adults: Insights from NHANES data.

Carotenoids are a group of tetraterpenoid lipophilic pigments linked to depression, but studies on individual carotenoid components are lacking. We aimed to assess the association between each serum carotenoids and depressive symptoms in adults. This cross-sectional study included 7264 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum carotenoid levels (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Participants with a Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥ 10 were considered to have depressive symptoms. The association between each carotenoid and depressive symptoms was investigated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, restricted cubic spline, and weighted quantile sum regression models. The participants' average age was 46.0 (interquartile range: 34.0-60.0) years (50.9 % females), and 545 participants (7.5 %) were diagnosed with depressive symptoms. The logistic regression model demonstrated that high serum α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin levels were associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms. The restricted cubic spline model revealed that the significantly inverse relationships between serum carotenoid levels and the risk of depressive symptoms were nonlinear for α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin and were linear for lycopene. The threshold effect analysis further identified the inflection points were 12.1, 35.7, 5.9, and 7.7 μg/dL for α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin, respectively. The weighted quantile sum regression model revealed that β-cryptoxanthin (35.2 %) and α-carotene (34.5 %) were the top-weighted carotenoids correlated with depressive symptoms. The present results suggested an association between higher levels of each serum carotenoids and a decreased risk of depressive symptoms in adults.

Zhang W ，Cheng Z ，Lin H ，Fu F ，Zhan Z ... -  《-》

Relationship between dietary carotenoid intake and sleep duration in American adults: a population-based study.

Deng MG ，Liu F ，Wang K ，Liang Y ，Nie JQ ，Liu J ... -  《Nutrition Journal》