Genomic characterization of a new bovine picornavirus (boosepivirus) in diarrheal cattle and detection in different states of the United States, 2019.

The Boosepivirus is a newly proposed genus in the family Picornaviridae in 2020. Bovine boosepiviruses (BooV) were initially identified in diarrheal cattle through deep sequencing in Japan in 2009. These diarrheal cases were either BooV alone positive or coinfection with other viruses, suggesting that BooV is an enteric pathogen. In 2019, through metagenomic sequencing, a US BooV strain IL41203-19 was identified in the fecal sample of a 10-day old calf with diarrhea and characterized in the present study. Genomic characterization revealed that IL41203-19 share the highest identities with the Japan BooV strain (Bo-12-7/2009/JPN) at both the complete nucleotide and amino acid levels, belonging to Boosepivirus B species in the genus Boosepivirus. Further real-time RT-PCR testing of 84 clinical samples from the diarrheal testing panel showed that five were positive for BooV and were all coinfected with one to four other enteric pathogens. Our data provided further evidence that BooV might contribute to cattle diarrhea observed in different states. Future studies on epidemiology and pathogenesis of bovine BooV are warranted.

Wang L ，Lim A ，Fredrickson R 《-》

Identification of a new bovine picornavirus (Boosepivirus) in the Republic of Korea.

Despite advancements in herd management, feeding, and pharmaceutical interventions, neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) remains a major global health concern. Bacteria, viruses, and parasites are the major contributors to NCD. Although several pathogens have been identified in the Republic of Korea (ROK), the etiological agents of numerous NCD cases have not been identified. To identify, for the first time, the prevalence and impact of Boosepivirus (BooV) on calf diarrhea in the ROK. Here, the unknown cause of calf diarrhea was determined using metagenomics We then explored the prevalence of certain pathogens, including BooV, that cause NCD. Seventy diarrheal fecal samples from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) calves were analyzed using reverse transcriptase and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for pathogen detection and BooV isolate sequencing. The complete genome of BooV was detected from unknown causes of calf diarrhea. And also, BooV was the most frequently detected pathogen (35.7%) among 8 pathogens in 70 diarrheic feces from Hanwoo calves. Co-infection analyses indicated that most BooV-positive samples were solely infected with BooV, indicating its significance in NCD in the ROK. All isolates were classified as BooV B in phylogenetic analysis. This is the first study to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BooV in calf diarrhea in the ROK, highlighting the potential importance of BooV as a causative agent of calf diarrhea and highlighting the need for further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.

Chae JB ，Shin SU ，Kim S ，Chae H ，Kim WG ，Chae JS ，Song H ，Kang JW ... -  《-》

Identification and Genomic Characterization of Bovine Boosepivirus A in the United States and Canada.

Savard C ，Wang L 《Viruses-Basel》

Identification of boosepivirus B in U.S. calves.

Bovine enteric disease has a complex etiology that can include viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens and is a significant source of losses due to morbidity and mortality. Boosepivirus was identified in calves with enteric disease with unclear etiology in Japan in 2009 and has not been reported elsewhere. Metagenomic sequencing and PCR here identified boosepivirus in bovine enteric disease diagnostic submissions from six states in the USA with 98% sequence identity to members of the species Boosepivirus B. In all cases, boosepivirus was identified as a coinfection with the established pathogens bovine coronavirus, bovine rotavirus, and cryptosporidia. Further research is needed to determine the clinical significance of boosepivirus infection.

Hause BM ，Nelson E ，Christopher-Hennings J 《-》

Systematic Surveillance of an Emerging Picornavirus among Cattle and Sheep in China.

Ji C ，Zhang Y ，Feng Y ，Zhang X ，Ma J ，Pan Z ，Kawaguchi A ，Yao H ... -  《Microbiology Spectrum》