Pretransplantation EASIX predicts intensive care unit admission in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

The Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) is a laboratory-based prognosis index defined as creatinine × lactate dehydrogenase/platelets. When measured at pretransplantation evaluation (EASIX-PRE), it predicts allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) mortality. This study explores its ability to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and validates EASIX-PRE predictive power for overall survival (OS) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) in 167 consecutive patients undergoing alloHCT. EASIX-PRE was calculated retrospectively in all patients and transformed into log2 values (log2-EASIX-PRE). Log2-EASIX-PRE predicted ICU admission (hazard ratio [HR], 1.41; P < .001), OS (HR, 1.19; P = .011), and NRM (HR, 1.28; P = .004). The most discriminating EASIX-PRE cutoff value for risk of ICU admission was the 75th percentile (2.795); for OS and NRM, it was the median value (1.703). Patients with EASIX-PRE >2.795 had higher incidence of ICU admission in comparison with patients with lower EASIX-PRE values (day +180, 35.8% vs 12.8%; HR, 2.28; P = .010). Additionally, patients with EASIX-PRE >1.073 had lower OS (2 years, 57.7% vs 68.7%; HR, 1.98; P = .006) and higher NRM (2 years, 38.7% vs 18.5%; HR, 2.92; P = .001) than patients with lower EASIX-PRE results. Log2-EASIX-PRE was not associated with incidence of transplantation-associated microangiopathy, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, or acute graft-versus-host disease. This study proposes EASIX-PRE as a prognostic tool to identify patients undergoing alloHCT at increased risk of severe organ dysfunction and who would therefore require ICU admission. Early identification of patients at high risk of severe events could contribute to personalized intervention design. Additionally, it validates the association between EASIX-PRE and OS and NRM in those undergoing alloHCT.

Peña M ，Salas MQ ，Mussetti A ，Moreno-Gonzalez G ，Bosch A ，Patiño B ，Jiménez L ，Kara M ，Parody R ，Sureda A ... -  《-》

Pretransplantation EASIX Score Predicts Nonrelapse and Overall Mortality of Adult Patients Undergoing Single-Unit Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation.

The Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) is a laboratory-based score used to estimate endothelial damage occurring after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The EASIX score exhibits dynamic changes during the course of transplantation and has been identified as a predictor of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) and worse overall survival (OS) in studies focused mainly on patients who received matched related or unrelated donor allogeneic HCT. However, the role of EASIX score in the setting of cord blood transplantation (CBT) is unclear. This study examined the association between pretransplant EASIX score and post-transplantation outcomes in adult patients undergoing single-unit CBT. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of EASIX score at different time points on post-transplantation outcomes in adults following single-unit unrelated CBT between 1998 and 2022 at our institution. EASIX scores were calculated at the start of conditioning (EASIX-PRE), at day 30 post-CBT (EASIX-d30), at day 100 post-CBT (EASIX-d100), and at the onset of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (EASIX-GVHD II-IV). A total of 317 patients were included in this study. In the multivariate analysis, log2-EASIX-PRE (continuous variable) was significantly associated with lower risks of neutrophil engraftment (hazard ratio [HR], .87; 95% confidence interval [CI], .80 to .94; P < .001) and platelet engraftment (HR, .91; 95% CI, .83 to .99; P = .047), lower risk of grade II-IV acute GVHD (HR, .85; 95% CI, .76 to .94; P = .003), and higher risk of veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.02; P = .032). Log2-EASIX-PRE also was significantly associated with higher NRM (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.86; P = .011) and worse OS (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.46; P = .003), but not with relapse (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, .88 to 1.18; P = .780). Similarly, log2-EASIX-d30 (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.05; P < .001), and log2-EASIX-d100 (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.63 to 2.48; P < .001) were also significantly associated with higher NRM, but log2-EASIX-GVHD II-IV was not (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, .85 to 1.55; P = .360). Pretransplantation EASIX score is a powerful predictor of engraftment, VOS/SOS, NRM, and OS in adult patients undergoing single-unit unrelated CBT who mainly received intensified conditioning regimens. EASIX is an easily evaluable and dynamic prognostic score for accurately predicting post-transplantation outcomes in patients at any time during the course of allogeneic HCT, particularly for CBT.

Fujita S ，Monna-Oiwa M ，Kato S ，Isobe M ，Takahashi S ，Nannya Y ，Konuma T ... -  《-》

Comparison of Pretransplantation Prediction Models for Nonrelapse Mortality in Patients with Myelofibrosis Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is the only known curative treatment for myelofibrosis (MF). Risk assessment remains important for patient counseling and predicting survival outcomes for relapse and nonrelapse mortality (NRM). Outcome-prediction tools can guide decision-making. Their use in MF has relied on their extrapolation from other malignancies. The primary objective of this study was to assess the performance of the Hematopoietic cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI), the augmented HCT-CI (aHCT-CI), and the Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) in predicting NRM in patients with MF undergoing alloSCT. We retrospectively reviewed patients with MF undergoing alloSCT between 2012 and 2020 at the Mayo Clinic. Data were abstracted from the electronic medical record. EASIX score was calculated before starting conditioning therapy and analyzed based on log2- transformed values. We evaluated the log2-EASIX scores by quartiles to assess the effect of increasing values on NRM. NRM was evaluated using competing risk analyses. We used the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods to evaluate OS. The Fine-Gray model was used to determine risk factors for NRM. The performance of HCT-CI and aHCT-CI was compared by evaluation of model concordance given the high correlation between HCT-CI and aHCT-CI (r = .75). A total of 87 patients were evaluated. The median duration of follow-up after alloSCT was 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4 to 6.31 years). Patients with a high HCT-CI score had significantly increased cumulative incidence of NRM at 3 years (35.5% versus 11.6%; P = .011) after alloSCT. A progressively increasing 3-year NRM was observed with increasing aHCT-CI risk category, and patients with a high or very high aHCT-CI score had significantly higher 3-year NRM compared to those with intermediate-risk or low-risk aHCT-CI scores at 3 years post-alloSCT (31.9% versus 6.52%; P = .004). An increasing log2-EASIX score quartile was not associated with 3-year NRM (19.0% versus 10.1% versus 25% versus 14.3%; P = .59), and the EASIX score was not found to be a predictor of post-transplantation NRM. A high HCT-CI was associated with significantly worse 3-year overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 4.41; 95% CI, 1.97 to 9.87; P < .001). A high or very high aHCT-CI was significantly associated with poor 3-year OS (HR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.56 to 10.22; P = .004). An increasing log2-EASIX score quartile group was not associated with 3-year OS (3-year OS rate, 66.7% versus 80.4% versus 64.6% versus 76.2%; P = .57). The EASIX score should not be used routinely in patients with MF. Both the HCT-CI and the aHCT-CI are accurate in predicting long-term survival outcomes in this patient population. Further studies are important to validate our findings of the role of EASIX in predicting NRM in patients with MF or other myeloproliferative neoplasms undergoing alloSCT. © 2023 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Acosta-Medina AA ，Baranwal A ，Johnson IM ，Kharfan-Dabaja MA ，Murthy H ，Palmer JM ，Sproat L ，Mangaonkar A ，Shah MV ，Hogan WJ ，Litzow MR ，Tefferi A ，Alkhateeb HB ... -  《-》

Easix Score Correlates With Endothelial Dysfunction Biomarkers and Predicts Risk of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Transplantation.

Plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction have been postulated for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). However, their use is not validated in clinical practice yet. The endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX), a simple score based on routine laboratory parameters, is considered to be an indirect marker of endothelial damage. High value of EASIX was correlated with worse non-relapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS) and a high risk of sinusoidal obstructive syndrome and transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA). This study investigates the predictive value of plasma biomarkers and the EASIX score for the prediction of aGVHD. We assessed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), and VWF:Ag plasma levels and the EASIX score before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 in an experimental cohort (n = 33). EASIX was transformed to a base-2 logarithm to perform the analysis. For the most relevant biomarkers, we estimate the optimal cutoff values and the discriminatory ability to differentiate patients with high-risk of aGVHD. The conclusions obtained in the experimental cohort were validated in a large cohort of 321 patients at the same institution. Plasma biomarkers and EASIX showed similar post-transplantation dynamics consisting of a progressive increase. Multivariate analysis showed an association between high TNFR1 levels and Log-2 EASIX score on day 7 after transplantation with an increased likelihood of developing aGVHD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1, P = .002; HR = 2.31, P = .013, respectively). Patients with TNFR1 ≥1300 ng/mL (HR = 7.19, P = .006) and Log2-EASIX ≥3 (HR = 14.7, P <.001) at day 7 after transplantation were more likely to develop aGVHD with high predictive accuracy (C-index of 74% and 81%, respectively). In the validation cohort, patients with Log2-EASIX ≥3 on day 7 after transplantation presented a significantly higher incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD (HR = 1.94, P = .004) independent of GVHD prophylaxis (HR = 0.38, P = .004), conditioning regimen (HR = 0.59, P =.02) and type of donor (HR = 2.38, P = .014). Differential degree of endothelial damage can be measured using both EASIX score and plasma biomarkers in the early post-transplantation period. Patients at risk of developing aGVHD could be easily identified by a high EASIX score. Both indicators of endothelial activation represent a promising approach to predict aGVHD.

Pedraza A ，Salas MQ ，Rodríguez-Lobato LG ，Escribano-Serrat S ，Suárez-Lledo M ，Martínez-Cebrian N ，Solano MT ，Arcarons J ，Rosiñol L ，Gutiérrez-García G ，Fernández-Avilés F ，Moreno-Castaño AB ，Molina P ，Pino M ，Carreras E ，Díaz-Ricart M ，Rovira M ，Palomo M ，Martínez C ... -  《-》

EASIX score predicts inferior survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

The Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) is a prognostic tool that uses common clinical laboratory values and has been shown to predict non-relapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS) at the onset of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We hypothesized that EASIX calculated at different time points pre- and post- HCT may predict NRM and OS, and that EASIX calculated at onset of GVHD may predict response to steroids. We evaluated the EASIX score pre- and post-HCT in 152 patients with lymphoid malignancies undergoing unmodified reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) alloHCT with uniform GVHD prophylaxis. In multivariate analysis, EASIX calculated pre-HCT was significantly associated with higher NRM (HR = 1.64, p = 0.009) and lower OS (HR = 1.33, p = 0.046). Furthermore, EASIX calculated at day 30 and at day 100 was associated with increased NRM (HR = 1.65, p < 0.001; and HR = 1.65, p < 0.001) and decreased OS (HR = 1.27, p = 0.018; and HR = 1.49, p < 0.001), independent of HCT-CI, disease and conditioning regimen. Our study shows that high EASIX scores at various time points pre- and post-HCT are significantly associated with poorer overall outcomes. EASIX provides an independent and easily accessible tool to predict outcomes that can be complementary to other measures of risk stratification for patients undergoing HCT.

Sanchez-Escamilla M ，Flynn J ，Devlin S ，Maloy M ，Fatmi SA ，Tomas AA ，Escribano-Serrat S ，Ponce D ，Sauter CS ，Giralt SA ，Scordo M ，Perales MA ... -  《-》