SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses towards Full-Length Spike Protein and the Receptor-Binding Domain.

Tools to monitor SARS-CoV-2 transmission and immune responses are needed. We present a neutralization ELISA to determine the levels of Ab-mediated virus neutralization and a preclinical model of focused immunization strategy. The ELISA is strongly correlated with the elaborate plaque reduction neutralization test (ρ = 0.9231, p < 0.0001). The neutralization potency of convalescent sera strongly correlates to IgG titers against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and spike (ρ = 0.8291 and 0.8297, respectively; p < 0.0001) and to a lesser extent with the IgG titers against protein N (ρ = 0.6471, p < 0.0001). The preclinical vaccine NMRI mice models using RBD and full-length spike Ag as immunogens show a profound Ab neutralization capacity (IC50 = 1.9 × 104 to 2.6 × 104 and 3.9 × 103 to 5.2 × 103, respectively). Using a panel of novel high-affinity murine mAbs, we also show that a majority of the RBD-raised mAbs have inhibitory properties, whereas only a few of the spike-raised mAbs do. The ELISA-based viral neutralization test offers a time- and cost-effective alternative to the plaque reduction neutralization test. The immunization results indicate that vaccine strategies focused only on the RBD region may have advantages compared with the full spike.

Bayarri-Olmos R ，Idorn M ，Rosbjerg A ，Pérez-Alós L ，Hansen CB ，Johnsen LB ，Helgstrand C ，Zosel F ，Bjelke JR ，Öberg FK ，Søgaard M ，Paludan SR ，Bak-Thomsen T ，Jardine JG ，Skjoedt MO ，Garred P ... -  《-》

Structural Basis of a Human Neutralizing Antibody Specific to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain.

Yang M ，Li J ，Huang Z ，Li H ，Wang Y ，Wang X ，Kang S ，Huang X ，Wu C ，Liu T ，Jia Z ，Liang J ，Yuan X ，He S ，Chen X ，Zhou Z ，Chen Q ，Liu S ，Li J ，Zheng H ，Liu X ，Li K ，Yao X ，Lang B ，Liu L ，Liao HX ，Chen S ... -  《Microbiology Spectrum》

Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants.

Neutralizing antibodies elicited by prior infection or vaccination are likely to be key for future protection of individuals and populations against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, passively administered antibodies are among the most promising therapeutic and prophylactic anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. However, the degree to which SARS-CoV-2 will adapt to evade neutralizing antibodies is unclear. Using a recombinant chimeric VSV/SARS-CoV-2 reporter virus, we show that functional SARS-CoV-2 S protein variants with mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain that confer resistance to monoclonal antibodies or convalescent plasma can be readily selected. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 S variants that resist commonly elicited neutralizing antibodies are now present at low frequencies in circulating SARS-CoV-2 populations. Finally, the emergence of antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants that might limit the therapeutic usefulness of monoclonal antibodies can be mitigated by the use of antibody combinations that target distinct neutralizing epitopes.

Weisblum Y ，Schmidt F ，Zhang F ，DaSilva J ，Poston D ，Lorenzi JC ，Muecksch F ，Rutkowska M ，Hoffmann HH ，Michailidis E ，Gaebler C ，Agudelo M ，Cho A ，Wang Z ，Gazumyan A ，Cipolla M ，Luchsinger L ，Hillyer CD ，Caskey M ，Robbiani DF ，Rice CM ，Nussenzweig MC ，Hatziioannou T ，Bieniasz PD ... -  《eLife》

A highly specific and sensitive serological assay detects SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in COVID-19 patients that correlate with neutralization.

Peterhoff D ，Glück V ，Vogel M ，Schuster P ，Schütz A ，Neubert P ，Albert V ，Frisch S ，Kiessling M ，Pervan P ，Werner M ，Ritter N ，Babl L ，Deichner M ，Hanses F ，Lubnow M ，Müller T ，Lunz D ，Hitzenbichler F ，Audebert F ，Hähnel V ，Offner R ，Müller M ，Schmid S ，Burkhardt R ，Glück T ，Koller M ，Niller HH ，Graf B ，Salzberger B ，Wenzel JJ ，Jantsch J ，Gessner A ，Schmidt B ，Wagner R ... -  《-》

SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: Comparison of three high-throughput immunoassays versus the neutralization test.

Laterza R ，Schirinzi A ，Bruno R ，Genco R ，Contino R ，Ostuni A ，Di Serio F ... -  《-》