Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte colonization in Artemisia roots responds differently to environmental gradients in eastern and central China.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) are two types of root symbiotic fungi that enhance nutrient uptake by host plants and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, it remains unclear whether AMF and DSE are synergistic or antagonistic in the presence of host plants to environmental gradients, especially on large geographical scales. To determine the relationships between AMF and DSE and their adaptability on a regional scale, we measured AMF and DSE colonization in the roots of 1023 plants of different species within the Artemisia genus collected from 81 sites across central and eastern China. We used general linear mixed models to analyze the relationships between colonization, and temperature and precipitation conditions. We found no significant correlation between AMF and DSE. The AMF colonization rate followed a significant longitudinal trend, but there was no latitudinal pattern. DSE colonization did not follow any geographical pattern. The AMF colonization rate was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation, whereas it was not significantly correlated with soil. There was no significant correlation between DSE colonization and climate or soil. Our results suggest that AMF and DSE play independent roles in the response of Artemisia to the regional environment. Therefore, studies on mycorrhizal symbiosis should discern the differential responses between AMF and DSE to climate and soil when evaluating the adaptability of the two types of symbiosis on large geographical scales.

Huo L ，Gao R ，Hou X ，Yu X ，Yang X ... -  《-》

Rapid temporal changes in root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fine root endophytes, not dark septate endophytes, track plant activity and environment in an alpine ecosystem.

Bueno de Mesquita CP ，Martinez Del Río CM ，Suding KN ，Schmidt SK ... -  《-》

Arbuscular mycorrhizas and dark septate endophytes associated with grasses from the Argentine Puna.

Lugo MA ，Menoyo E ，Allione LR ，Negritto MA ，Henning JA ，Anton AM ... -  《-》

[Colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes in Panax notoginseng].

Zhang Z ，Chen D ，Zhao D ，Jin H ，Li L ... -  《-》

Combined inoculation with dark septate endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: synergistic or competitive growth effects on maize?

Effects on maize were assessed of dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) isolated from other plant species. Suspensions of DSE isolated from Stipa krylovii were prepared at different densities (2, 4, and 8 × 105 CFU mL- 1) and inoculated separately (AMF or DSE) or together (AMF + DSE), to explore their effects on maize growth. Inoculation with AMF or medium and high densities of DSE and combined inoculation (AMF + DSE) increased plant above-ground growth and altered root morphology. Differences in plant growth were attributable to differences in DSE density, with negative DSE inoculation responsiveness at low density. AMF promoted plant above-ground growth more than DSE and the high density of DSE promoted root development more than AMF. Combined inoculation might lead to synergistic growth effects on maize at low density of DSE and competitive effects at medium and high DSE densities. AMF and DSE co-colonized maize roots and they had positive effects on the host plants depending on DSE density. These findings indicate the optimum maize growth-promoting combination of AMF and DSE density and provide a foundation for further exploration of potentially synergistic mechanisms between AMF and DSE in physiological and ecological effects on host plants.

Xie L ，Bi Y ，Ma S ，Shang J ，Hu Q ，Christie P ... -  《BMC PLANT BIOLOGY》