Innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a complex ecosystem that contains adaptive and innate immune cells that have tumor-promoting and anti-tumor effects. There is still much to learn about the diversity, plasticity, and functions of innate immune cells in the TIME and their roles in determining the response to immunotherapies. Experts discuss recent advances in our understanding of their biology in cancer as well as outstanding questions and potential therapeutic avenues.

Li MO ，Wolf N ，Raulet DH ，Akkari L ，Pittet MJ ，Rodriguez PC ，Kaplan RN ，Munitz A ，Zhang Z ，Cheng S ，Bhardwaj N ... -  《-》

Contribution to Tumor Angiogenesis From Innate Immune Cells Within the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Immunotherapy.

Albini A ，Bruno A ，Noonan DM ，Mortara L ... -  《Frontiers in Immunology》

Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Related miRNAs in Tumor Progression.

MiRNA is a type of small non-coding RNA, by regulating downstream gene expression that affects the progression of multiple diseases, especially cancer. MiRNA can participate in the biological processes of tumor, including proliferation, invasion and escape, and exhibit tumor enhancement or inhibition. The tumor immune microenvironment contains numerous immune cells. These cells include lymphocytes with tumor suppressor effects such as CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells, as well as some tumor-promoting cells with immunosuppressive functions, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. MiRNA can affect the tumor immune microenvironment by regulating the function of immune cells, which in turn modulates the progression of tumor cells. Investigating the role of miRNA in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment will help elucidate the specific mechanisms of interaction between immune cells and tumor cells, and may facilitate the use of miRNA as a predictor of immune disorders in tumor progression. This review summarizes the multifarious roles of miRNA in tumor progression through regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment, and provides guidance for the development of miRNA drugs to treat tumors and for the use of miRNA as an auxiliary means in tumor immunotherapy.

Xing Y ，Ruan G ，Ni H ，Qin H ，Chen S ，Gu X ，Shang J ，Zhou Y ，Tao X ，Zheng L ... -  《Frontiers in Immunology》

Modulation of tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy: focus on nanomaterial-based strategies.

Recent advances in the field of immunotherapy have profoundly opened up the potential for improved cancer therapy and reduced side effects. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly immunosuppressive, therefore, clinical outcomes of currently available cancer immunotherapy are still poor. Recently, nanomaterial-based strategies have been developed to modulate the TME for robust immunotherapeutic responses. In this review, the immunoregulatory cell types (cells relating to the regulation of immune responses) inside the TME in terms of stimulatory and suppressive roles are described, and the technologies used to identify and quantify these cells are provided. In addition, recent examples of nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy are discussed, with particular emphasis on those designed to overcome barriers caused by the complexity and diversity of TME.

Liu Y ，Guo J ，Huang L 《Theranostics》

Activities of stromal and immune cells in HPV-related cancers.

Barros MR Jr ，de Melo CML ，Barros MLCMGR ，de Cássia Pereira de Lima R ，de Freitas AC ，Venuti A ... -  《JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH》