A Combination of N and S Antigens With IgA and IgG Measurement Strengthens the Accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 Serodiagnostics.

Primary diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is based on detection of virus RNA in nasopharyngeal swab samples. In addition, analysis of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 has an important role in viral diagnostics and seroprevalence estimates. We developed and optimized an enzyme immunoassays (EIA) using SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N), S1 and receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein, and N proteins from SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and 4 low-pathogenic human CoVs. Neutralizing antibody activity was compared with SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM EIA results. The sensitivity of EIA for detecting immune response in COVID-19 patients (n = 101) was 77% in the acute phase and 100% in the convalescent phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection when N and RBD were used as antigens in IgG and IgA specific EIAs. SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly increased humoral immune responses against the 229E and NL63 N proteins. S1 and RBD-based EIA results had a strong correlation with microneutralization test results. The data indicate a combination of SARS-CoV-2 S1 or RBD and N proteins and analysis of IgG and IgA immunoglobulin classes in sera provide an excellent basis for specific and sensitive serological diagnostics of COVID-19.

Jalkanen P ，Pasternack A ，Maljanen S ，Melén K ，Kolehmainen P ，Huttunen M ，Lundberg R ，Tripathi L ，Khan H ，Ritvos MA ，Naves R ，Haveri A ，Österlund P ，Kuivanen S ，Jääskeläinen AJ ，Kurkela S ，Lappalainen M ，Rantasärkkä K ，Vuorinen T ，Hytönen J ，Waris M ，Tauriainen S ，Ritvos O ，Kakkola L ，Julkunen I ... -  《-》

A Highly Sensitive and Specific SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Based Fluorescent Multiplex Immunoassay (FMIA) to Measure IgG, IgA, and IgM Class Antibodies.

Solastie A ，Virta C ，Haveri A ，Ekström N ，Kantele A ，Miettinen S ，Lempainen J ，Jalkanen P ，Kakkola L ，Dub T ，Julkunen I ，Melin M ... -  《Microbiology Spectrum》

Evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 Capture IgM Antibody Assay in Convalescent Sera.

Ha B ，Jadhao S ，Hussaini L ，Gibson T ，Stephens K ，Salazar L ，Ciric C ，Taylor M ，Rouphael N ，Edupuganti S ，Rostad CA ，Tompkins SM ，Anderson EJ ，Anderson LJ ... -  《Microbiology Spectrum》

Development of a quantitative COVID-19 multiplex assay and its use for serological surveillance in a low SARS-CoV-2 incidence community.

Guarino C ，Larson E ，Babasyan S ，Rollins A ，Joshi LR ，Laverack M ，Parrilla L ，Plocharczyk E ，Diel DG ，Wagner B ... -  《PLoS One》

A Serological Snapshot of COVID-19 Initial Stages in Israel by a 6-Plex Antigen Array.

Fisher M ，Levy H ，Fatelevich E ，Afrimov Y ，Ben-Shmuel A ，Rosenfeld R ，Noy-Porat T ，Glinert I ，Sittner A ，Biber A ，Belkin A ，Bar-David E ，Puni R ，Levy I ，Mazor O ，Weiss S ，Mechaly A ... -  《Microbiology Spectrum》