Microbiome and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) incidence and related-deaths are increasing worldwide. PDAC is characterized by poor prognosis due to late diagnosis, high metastatic capacity and resistance to therapy. This is partially due to its specific microenvironment, where the stroma is prominent over tumor cells. Besides the oral and gut microbiota, the intratumor microbiome, i.e. the bacterial and fungal microorganisms present within the tumor, was recently introduced as a new partner of the tumor microenvironment of PDAC modulating pancreatic carcinogenesis, intratumor immune infiltrates, and response to chemotherapy. In this review, we propose an overview of current knowledge about the roles of bacteria and fungi in PDAC development and biology, and discuss potential therapeutic implications.

Tijeras-Raballand A ，Hilmi M ，Astorgues-Xerri L ，Nicolle R ，Bièche I ，Neuzillet C ... -  《-》

Intratumor Microbiome Analysis Identifies Positive Association Between Megasphaera and Survival of Chinese Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas.

Human tumors harbor a plethora of microbiota. It has been shown that the composition and diversity of intratumor microbiome are significantly associated with the survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the association in Chinese patients as well as the effect of different microorganisms on inhibiting tumor growth are unclear. In this study, we collected tumor samples resected from long-term and short-term PDAC survivors and performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that the microbiome in samples with different survival time were significantly different, and the differential bacterial composition was associated with the metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, administration of Megasphaera, one of the differential bacteria, induced a better tumor growth inhibition effect when combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) treatment in mice bearing 4T1 tumor. These results indicate that specific intratumor microbiome can enhance the anti-tumor effect in the host, laying a foundation for further clarifying the underlying detailed mechanism.

Huang Y ，Zhu N ，Zheng X ，Liu Y ，Lu H ，Yin X ，Hao H ，Tan Y ，Wang D ，Hu H ，Liang Y ，Li X ，Hu Z ，Yin Y ... -  《Frontiers in Immunology》

Human microbiota colonization and pancreatic ductal carcinoma.

Fang Y ，Yang G ，Yang J ，Ren J ，You L ，Zhao Y ... -  《-》

The microbiota and microbiome in pancreatic cancer: more influential than expected.

Wei MY ，Shi S ，Liang C ，Meng QC ，Hua J ，Zhang YY ，Liu J ，Zhang B ，Xu J ，Yu XJ ... -  《Molecular Cancer》

Roles of microbiota in pancreatic cancer development and treatment.

Cruz MS ，Tintelnot J ，Gagliani N 《-》