Prevalence and molecular characterizations of seven additional drug resistance among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China: A subsequent study of a national survey.

The drug resistance prevalence data facilitates selection of the initial drug for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of seven additional types of drug resistances among MDR-TB isolates collected from the first/only nationwide drug resistance surveillance in China. A total of 391 out of the 401 MDR-TB strains were successfully recovered by Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Drug susceptibility testing was performed against moxifloxacin (Mfx), bedaquiline (Bdq), linezolid (Lzd), clofazimine (Cfz), cycloserine (Cs), delamanid (Dlm) and pyrazinamide (PZA). The strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing for the analysis corresponding drug resistant genes and their profiles. 269 (68.80%) were simple MDR-TB, 28 (7.16%) were extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and 94 (24.04%) were pre-XDR-TB. Dlm, Lzd, Cfz and Bdq presented the lowest drug resistant rates i.e. 3.32% (13/391), 3.84% (15/391),6.65% (26/391) and 7.16% (28/391), respectively. Mfx (17.39%, 68/391) and CS (13.55%, 53/391) also demonstrated strong potencies against the MDR strains, whereas PZA (38.36%, 150/391) presented much higher resistant rate. 54.41% (37/68) Mfx-resistant strains carried mutations located within gyrA or gyrB. 70.15% (94/134) PZA-resistant strains had pncA mutations. Two of the 26 Cfz-resistant isolates had mutation in Rv0678 were also resistant to Bdq. Dlm, Lzd, Cfz and Bdq exhibited excellent activity against MDR-TB, including XDR-TB. These data highlighted the necessity of a timely, feasible and reliable DST, while genotypic DST for Mfx and PZA is promising at this moment.

Wang G ，Jiang G ，Jing W ，Zong Z ，Yu X ，Chen S ，Li W ，Huang H ... -  《-》

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis against levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine, and delamanid in southwest of China.

Zheng H ，He W ，Jiao W ，Xia H ，Sun L ，Wang S ，Xiao J ，Ou X ，Zhao Y ，Shen A ... -  《BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES》

In Vitro Drug Susceptibility of Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Linezolid, Clofazimine, Moxifloxacin, and Gatifloxacin against Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Beijing, China.

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a deadly form of TB that can be incurable due to its extreme drug resistance. In this study, we aimed to explore the in vitro susceptibility to bedaquiline (BDQ), delamanid (DMD), linezolid (LZD), clofazimine (CLO), moxifloxacin (MFX), and gatifloxacin (GAT) of 90 XDR-TB strains isolated from patients in China. We also describe the genetic characteristics of XDR-TB isolates with acquired drug resistance. Resistance to MFX, GAT, LZD, CLO, DMD, and BDQ was found in 82 (91.1%), 76 (84.4%), 5 (5.6%), 5 (5.6%), 4 (4.4%), and 3 (3.3%) isolates among the XDR-TB strains, respectively. The most frequent mutations conferring fluoroquinolone resistance occurred in codon 94 of the gyrA gene (57.8%), and the strains with these mutations (69.2%) were associated with high-level MFX resistance compared to strains with mutations in codon 90 (25.0%) (P < 0.01). All 5 CLO-resistant isolates exhibited ≥4-fold upward shifts in the BDQ MIC, which were attributed to mutations of codons 53 (60.0%) and 157 (20.0%) in the Rv0678 gene. Additionally, mutation in codon 318 of the fbiC gene was identified as the sole mutation related to DMD resistance. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the XDR-TB strains exhibit a strikingly high proportion of resistance to the current anti-TB drugs, whereas BDQ, DMD, LZD, and CLO exhibit excellent in vitro activity against XDR-TB in the National Clinical Center on TB of China. The extensive cross-resistance between OFX and later-generation fluoroquinolones indicates that MFX and GAT may have difficulty in producing the desired effect for XDR-TB patients.

Pang Y ，Zong Z ，Huo F ，Jing W ，Ma Y ，Dong L ，Li Y ，Zhao L ，Fu Y ，Huang H ... -  《-》

Prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a Chinese multidrug-resistant TB cohort after redefinition.

Recently, the definition of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) has been revised. In this study, we conducted a descriptive and retrospective study to determine the prevalence of XDR-TB in a Chinese multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cohort. Broth microdilution method was performed to determine in vitro susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates to (FQs), bedaquiline (BDQ) and linezolid (LZD). The putative drug target genes conferring drug resistance were screened by DNA sequencing. A total of 425 MDR-TB isolates were included from 13 pilots in China. LZD and BDQ resistance were noted in 30 (7.1%) and 10 (2.4%) isolates. On the basis of latest definitions, 114 (26.8%) were MDR-TB, 282 (66.4%) were pre-XDR-TB, and 29 (6.8%) were XDR-TB. Among 311 FQ-resistant isolates, 265 harbored genetic mutations within QRDRs. The most common mutations were observed at codon 94 of gyrA, accounting for 47.2% of FQ-resistant MTB isolates. Only mutations within the Rv0678 gene were found to confer BDQ resistance in our cohort, conferring 40.0% of BDQ resistance. For LZD resistance, 53.3% of LZD-resistant isolates carried genetic mutations in rplC or 23S rRNA. The most frequent mutation was Cys154Arg in the rplC gene. In addition, we recorded two MDR-TB patients with resistance to both BDQ and LZD, of which one patient experienced continuous positive culture of MTB despite inclusion of efficacious moxifloxacin. Our results demonstrate that the low prevalence of XDR-TB holds great promise for MDR-TB treatment with WHO-endorsed regimens containing BDQ-LZD combination, whereas the high prevalence of FQ-resistance in MDR-TB patients warrants national attention.

Yao C ，Guo H ，Li Q ，Zhang X ，Shang Y ，Li T ，Wang Y ，Xue Z ，Wang L ，Li L ，Pang Y ... -  《Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control》

[Study on the resistance of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drugs in group A].

Dai XW ，Li CY ，Wang NH ，Chen SS ，Tian LL ，Zhao YF ，Tao LY ，Yang XY ，Ding BC ，He XX ... -  《-》