Pediatric Postoperative Pain Management in Korea: Parental Attitudes Toward Pain and Analgesics, Self-Efficacy, and Pain Management.

This study aimed to explore parental attitudes toward children's pain and analgesic drugs and parental self-efficacy and use of pain relief strategies in children's postoperative pain management in Korea, and to identify the relationships among these variables. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted. Participants were 124 parents of hospitalized children (aged 4-9 years) undergoing tonsillectomy in Korea. A considerable proportion of parents held misconceptions about how children express pain. For example, 87.9% of parents perceived that children always tell their parents when they are in pain. Moreover, parents reported significant attitudinal barriers to analgesic use with 60.5% of parents believed that side effects are something to worry about when giving children pain medication. Parental attitudes to use analgesics were significantly different by children's gender, family income, and length of hospital stay. Emotional support methods such as touch, parental presence, and comfort/reassurance were the frequently used, whereas cognitive-behavioral approaches such as distraction were less frequently used nonpharmacological pain relief strategies. A parent's self-efficacy in managing children's pain significantly correlated with the appropriate use of analgesics and parental use of pain relief strategies. Promoting parental self-efficacy in postoperative pain management is important. Educational interventions focused on behavioral changes of parents, including practical guidance for pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain relief strategies, are needed. Providing parents with proper, effective education about children's postoperative pain management should not only provide accurate information but should also enhance parents' self-efficacy in assessing and managing children's pain.

Yu KE ，Kim JS 《-》

Parents' knowledge, attitudes, use of pain relief methods and satisfaction related to their children's postoperative pain management: a descriptive correlational study.

To examine parents' knowledge about and attitudes towards pain management, use of pain relief strategies and satisfaction with their children's postoperative pain management, as well as the relationships among these variables. Children's postoperative pain is inadequately managed worldwide. Despite increasing emphasis on parental involvement in children's postoperative pain management, few studies have examined parents' management of their child's postoperative pain in Singapore. A descriptive correlational study. A convenience sample of 60 parents having 6- to 14-year-old children undergoing inpatient elective surgery in a public hospital in Singapore was recruited. Data were collected one day after each child's surgery using the Pain Management Knowledge and Attitudes questionnaire and the Parents' Use of Pain Relief Strategies questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for data analyses. Parents displayed moderate levels of knowledge, attitudes and use of pain relief methods in relation to their children's postoperative pain and pain management. They were generally satisfied with the management of their child's postoperative pain. There was significant difference in Parents' Use of Pain Relief Strategies scores between parents with and without previous experience of caring for their hospitalised child. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between parents' knowledge and attitude, knowledge and satisfaction, attitude and satisfaction, knowledge and pain relief strategies, as well as attitude and pain relief strategies. This study indicates the need to provide parents with more information regarding their children's postoperative pain management. Future studies are needed to develop educational interventions for parents to improve their knowledge and attitudes, which will eventually improve their use of pain relief strategies for their children. Health professionals need to provide more information to equip parents with knowledge and skills regarding paediatric postoperative pain management.

Chng HY ，He HG ，Chan SW ，Liam JL ，Zhu L ，Cheng KK ... -  《-》

Parental Postoperative Pain Management Perceptions, Attitudes, and Practices in Pediatric Limb Fractures.

Zhang SM ，Chan YY ，Lai LL ，Liang PR ，Lin M ... -  《-》

Chinese parent's use of nonpharmacological methods in children's postoperative pain relief.

He HG ，Pölkki T ，Pietilä AM ，Vehviläinen-Julkunen K ... -  《SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CARING SCIENCES》

Parental attitudes to children's pain and analgesic drugs in the United Kingdom.

Many children experience treatable moderate to severe pain following surgery. Increasingly, children undergo surgery as day cases, and, as such, parents are more likely to be responsible for managing pain post-operatively. Research in the United States and Finland has found parents fear the side effects of analgesics; think they are addictive; and that children should receive as little analgesia as possible. Little is known about parental attitudes in this context in the United Kingdom. This study set out to explore parental attitudes towards children's pain and analgesic drugs to contribute to existing knowledge about parental attitudes elsewhere so that the information provided to parents can be tailored effectively. A convenience sample of parents (n = 108) at one hospital in South West London completed the Parental Pain Expression Perceptions and the Medication Attitudes Questionnaires. Although many parents have a good understanding of the ways in which children express pain, a substantial proportion of parents hold misconceptions regarding how children express pain and concerns in relation to analgesic drugs. This may impact on the quality of the pain management provided to children post-operatively and needs taking into account when preparing parents in this context.

Twycross AM ，Williams AM ，Bolland RE ，Sunderland R ... -  《-》