Plant NHX Antiporters: From Function to Biotechnological Application, with Case Study.

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that negatively affect crops worldwide. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms to cope with the limitations imposed by salinity. Molecular mechanisms, including the upregulation of cation transporters such as the Na+/H+ antiporters, are one of the processes adopted by plants to survive in saline environments. NHX antiporters are involved in salt tolerance, development, cell expansion, growth performance and disease resistance of plants. They are integral membrane proteins belonging to the widely distributed CPA1 sub-group of monovalent cation/H+ antiporters and provide an important strategy for ionic homeostasis in plants under saline conditions. These antiporters are known to regulate the exchange of sodium and hydrogen ions across the membrane and are ubiquitous to all eukaryotic organisms. With the genomic approach, previous studies reported that a large number of proteins encoding Na+/H+ antiporter genes have been identified in many plant species and successfully introduced into desired species to create transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses. In this review, we focus on plant antiporters and all the aspects from their structure, classification, function to their in silico analysis. On the other hand, we performed a genome-wide search to identify the predicted NHX genes in Argania spinosa L. We highlighted for the first time the presence of four putative NHX (AsNHX1-4) from the Argan tree genome, whose phylogenetic analysis revealed their classification in one distinct vacuolar cluster. The essential information of the four putative NHXs, such as gene structure, subcellular localization and transmembrane domains was analyzed.

Karim R ，Bouchra B ，Fatima G ，Abdelkarim FM ，Laila S ... -  《-》

A novel tonoplast Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene from date palm (PdNHX6) confers enhanced salt tolerance response in Arabidopsis.

Al-Harrasi I ，Jana GA ，Patankar HV ，Al-Yahyai R ，Rajappa S ，Kumar PP ，Yaish MW ... -  《-》

Genome-Wide Identification of the Gossypium hirsutum NHX Genes Reveals that the Endosomal-Type GhNHX4A is Critical for the Salt Tolerance of Cotton.

Ma W ，Ren Z ，Zhou Y ，Zhao J ，Zhang F ，Feng J ，Liu W ，Ma X ... -  《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES》

Global Landscapes of the Na(+)/H(+) Antiporter (NHX) Family Members Uncover their Potential Roles in Regulating the Rapeseed Resistance to Salt Stress.

Cui JQ ，Hua YP ，Zhou T ，Liu Y ，Huang JY ，Yue CP ... -  《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES》

Genome-Wide Identification, Primary Functional Characterization of the NHX Gene Family in Canavalia rosea, and Their Possible Roles for Adaptation to Tropical Coral Reefs.

Pu L ，Lin R ，Zou T ，Wang Z ，Zhang M ，Jian S ... -  《Genes》