Telehealth educational interventions in nurse practitioner education: An integrative literature review.

Telehealth is a solution to combat multiple health care problems such as lack of access, provider shortages, increasing health care expenditures, and a growing number of people living with chronic conditions. Nurse practitioner students are not adequately educated in telehealth and may be unprepared to use it in their future careers. To evaluate the efficacy of telehealth educational interventions synthesizing current literature. Using PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, a search was conducted in October 2019 for peer-reviewed articles in English using search terms "telemedicine," telehealth," "ehealth," "mhealth," and "mobile health," along with "graduate nursing education" and "nursing education." A total of 15 articles were included for review. Minimal nurse practitioner student education should include didactic content and student projects because of the ease of implementation. When telehealth didactic education is combined with experiential learning such as simulation and clinical experience, the benefit is greater. The identified methods for increasing telehealth education should be implemented to prepare nurse practitioner students because telehealth continues to grow and become a vital part of American health care. Telehealth educational resources should be increased, as telehealth is only as useful as providers are prepared to use it.

Gartz J ，O'Rourke J 《-》

Developing Family Nurse Practitioner Student Competencies: A Two-Part Mental Health-Focused Telehealth Education Activity.

Baliko B ，Raynor P ，Cox D ，Tavakoli A ... -  《-》

The impact of telehealth objective structured clinical evaluations in intraprofessional nursing education: A mixed methods study.

Telehealth is an expanding modality of providing care. In 2018, the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) released a white paper encouraging the inclusion of telehealth into nurse practitioner education. It is important for nursing students to gain experience with telehealth so that they are prepared to provide care via telehealth. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of incorporating telehealth simulation into objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) in the family nurse practitioner (FNP) and bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) programs. This study was conducted at a public, liberal arts university in a rural area of the Southeast United States. The FNP and BSN students participated in this study. The FNP program is a hybrid master's degree program, which has a two-year plan of study. The BSN program is a traditional campus-based program, which includes two years of upper-division nursing courses. This mixed-methods study included a pre- and post-survey design utilizing both quantitative and qualitative measures to evaluate undergraduate and graduate nursing students understanding of and comfort with telehealth and their perceptions of a simulated intradisciplinary telehealth OCSE experience. Students' telehealth knowledge, skills, and confidence were improved after the telehealth OSCE experience. Directed content analysis of the responses revealed three themes: increased knowledge of telehealth, technical difficulties, and teamwork/communication. It is beneficial for both undergraduate and family nurse practitioner students to have exposure to telehealth in their respective curriculums.

George TP ，Munn AC ，Phillips TA ，Marty Hucks J ... -  《-》

Telehealth Simulation With Graduate Nurse Practitioner Students.

Integration of telehealth preparation for nurse practitioner (NP) students varies across programs. Nurse practitioner students had gaps in the preparation for using telehealth technology to deliver care and manage specific disorders. The purpose of this article is to describe the development and implementation of a telehealth simulation training experience for NP students to prepare them for practice in rural settings. Nurse practitioner students from various specialties completed the telehealth simulation training experience. The change in presimulation/postsimulation confidence and readiness scores were statistically significant. This telehealth simulation training experience provided an opportunity for NP students to engage in activities to enhance their knowledge and preparation in providing care via telehealth in a rural setting.

Emerson MR ，Buchanan L ，Golden A 《-》

Nurse practitioner led telehealth services: A scoping review.

To explore the educational preparation of nurse practitioners to deliver telehealth services and their impact on access to care. Scoping review. A search was undertaken 4 April 2022. Primary studies that focused on nurse practitioners and their patients/clients engaging in telehealth services in any healthcare setting or clinical area within Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Ireland, published between 2010 to 2022, were included. Study findings were analysed using the Levesque et al. (2013) access to care framework and the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for Practice and Research Recommendations framework (Bradbury-Jones et al., 2021). The PRISMA-ScR checklist was used to guide reporting. CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases. Forty-two studies were included. Studies (n = 28) relating to access to care focused on appropriateness/ability to engage (n = 14), affordability/ability to pay (n = 1), and availability/ability to reach (n = 13). High levels of telehealth satisfaction were reported, including reduced travel time and costs, and appointment flexibility. Telehealth satisfaction was reduced when a perceived need for physical assessment, or privacy concerns were present. Service providers reported decreased emergency presentations, fewer missed appointments and improved consumer engagement. Fourteen studies related to nurse practitioner education, using a range of approaches such as didactic education modules, simulations and clinical experiences, all published within the past 3 years. Findings suggest that nurse practitioner-led telehealth has improved access to care. High levels of satisfaction indicate patients accept nurse practitioner-led telehealth. Impacts to healthcare service use and patient engagement further support the viability of nurse practitioner-led telehealth. The recent increase in telehealth education studies reflects the rapid uptake of telehealth care in the mainstream. Patients perceive telehealth as acceptable and appropriate to meet their healthcare needs and improve access to care. Telehealth is likely to be a mainstay in ongoing healthcare delivery, therefore, nurse practitioners must have educational preparation to provide telehealth. This scoping review provides insight into the ways nurse practitioners deliver telehealth services, how they are educated to provide telehealth services, and their impact on access to care. Nurse practitioner-led telehealth improves access to care across service provision and consumer perspective domains. Nurse practitioner telehealth education is an emerging topic. This research is valuable for nurse practitioners using telehealth, nurse practitioner educators and telehealth policy decision makers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). No Patient or Public Contribution.

Charalambous J ，Hollingdrake O ，Currie J 《-》