Validation of the Portuguese Variant of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ(PT)).

Differences in the manner circadian clocks entrain to the 24-h day are expressions of different chronotypes that can range from extreme early to extreme late, from proverbial larks to owls. The Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was one of the first to assess daily preference based on subjective self-assessment - a psychological construct. The later developed Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) uses instead the actual sleep timing to assess chronotype. It calculates the mid-sleep point, halfway between onset and offset on work-free days (MSF), which is then corrected for potential oversleep on free days compensating for sleep debt accumulated over the workweek (MSFsc). MSFsc is expressed in local time and is thought to be a proxy for "phase of entrainment" of the circadian clock. The MCTQ-derived chronotype is therefore a biological construct. In the present report, we validate the Portuguese variant (MCTQPT) of the MCTQ. Portugal is of particular interest, since it is thought to consist of especially late chronotypes. We have used three methods to assess the timing of daily behavior, namely, the chronotype (MCTQ), the daily preference (rMEQ), and a simple self-assessment (time-of-day type). A total of 80 healthy adults living in Portugal, with age and sex distributed according to the Portuguese population, were recruited. We analyzed 4 weeks of continuous records of actimetry data to validate the MCTQPT and used the rMEQ to compare between a biological chronotype (sleep timing) and a psychological chronotype (daily preference). MCTQ variables were analyzed by descriptive statistics; correspondence between measurements was done by Spearman correlations or cross-tabulation; in a subset of 41 individuals, test-retest reliability was assessed. MCTQ-derived variables (MSF, MSW, MSFsc) correlated highly with their counterparts calculated from actimetry (MSW: rho = 0.697; MSF: rho = 0.747; MSFsc: rho = 0.646; all p < 0.001). The MCTQ assessment of the chronotype showed good test-retest reliability (rho = 0.905; p < 0.001). The rMEQ score correlates with MSFsc (rho = -0.695; p < 0.001), and the agreement for the self-assessment with the MSFsc was fair (kw = 0.386; p < 0.001). The Portuguese variant of the MCTQ revealed to be a reliable questionnaire to assess the chronotype for the Portuguese adult population, as previously reported for other countries.

Reis C ，Madeira SG ，Lopes LV ，Paiva T ，Roenneberg T ... -  《Frontiers in Physiology》

Validation of the Chinese version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ(HK)) in Hong Kong Chinese youths.

Cheung FTW ，Ho AWY ，Chan JWY ，Li X ，Chan NY ，Zhang J ，Ho CS ，Wing YK ，Li SX ... -  《-》

Validation of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) in Chinese college freshmen based on questionnaires and actigraphy.

Wang S ，Wang H ，Deng X ，Lei X ... -  《-》

Comparison of Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) Czech version.

Fárková E ，Novák JM ，Manková D ，Kopřivová J ... -  《-》

Validity of the Persian version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ(IR)).

Currently, the most useful questionnaire for determining the chronotype is the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). It determines chronotype based on sleep-wake behavior on workdays and work-free days and uses the mid-sleep time on free days (MSF), corrected for accumulated sleep debt over the work week to classify chronotype (MSFsc). Our study aimed at validating Persian version of the MCTQ. Participants completed the Persian version of the MCTQ, reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and demographic characteristics. The study sample was comprised of 250 Iranian men and women (mean age 34 years, age range 30 to 58 years, 113 men). Results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between the components of MCTQ and rMEQ, and the strongest relationship related to the MSF index. The results also showed that MCTQ parameters were not significantly related to the ESS scale. Cut-off values of MSFsc for chronotype categories were determined by inter-quartile range (Q25% = 3.44, Q50% = 4.68, and Q75% = 5.75). Like the MCTQ in other languages, the Persian version of the MCTQ is a reliable tool for assessing chronotype.

Niroumand Sarvandani M ，Asadi M ，Mohtashami T ，Mirrezaie SM ，Talebi S ，Garmabi B ... -  《-》