Factors Related to Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Pain in Hospitals in Low-Income Areas.

Effective pain management is closely related to nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward pain. Limited studies have been performed related to nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward pain in hospitals in low-income areas. This study surveyed the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward pain management in county hospitals from low-income areas in Hunan Province, China. The study included 4,668 registered nurses working in 48 county hospitals in low-income areas in China. A cross-sectional study examined the knowledge and attitudes of nurses with regard to pain using the Chinese version of the Knowledge and Attitude Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) via the WeChat application. The 4,668 registered nurses completed the survey; of these, 43.6% indicated they had never received continuing education for pain. The mean percentage score for KASRP was (40.3 ± 7.95), and none of the respondents achieved a percentage score of >80%. Further, of the 40 items, only two had a correct rate of >80%. Continuing pain education did not significantly affect KASRP. Multiple stepwise linear regression showed that education level, ethnicity, professional title, position, and department were independent influencing factors for KASRP scores. Almost all nurses in county hospitals of low-income areas had deficiencies in various aspects of pain management knowledge. Better educated nurses with higher professional title or management position, those from the Han ethnicity, and those from the oncology department had higher mean KASRP scores. Current continuing education programs for pain did not improve the pain management capability of the nurse. High-quality and standardized pain educational programs should be implemented to improve pain management.

Ou M ，Xu X ，Chen Y ，Yan Y ，Wang K ，Zhou L ... -  《-》

Knowledge and attitudes regarding cancer pain management among oncology nurses in China.

Li D ，Gao L ，Ren LY ，Zeng X ，Cui EP ，Zhang LJ ，Wu Q ... -  《-》

Predictors of nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward postoperative pain in Greece.

Undertreatment of postoperative pain can aggravate patient outcomes and is associated with attending nurses' knowledge deficits or negative attitudes toward pain. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge and attitudes toward postoperative pain of surgical department nurses and to identify predictors of their knowledge and attitudes. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey that took place in the departments of general surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, ear-nose-throat surgery, and obstetrics/gynecology at five Greek hospitals. Participants were a convenience sample of registered and assistant nurses. Nurses were asked to complete a three-section questionnaire, which included demographics, a Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) tool modified for postoperative pain, and seven questions capturing personal characteristics, working conditions, and feelings about work. One hundred eighty-two questionnaires were completed. Average scores were 45.35% for modified KASRP tool; 28.57% for pain assessment; 55.44% for general pain management; and 47.13% for use of analgesics. Four of the five most commonly missed items referred to use of analgesics. More previous personal experience of postoperative pain (p = .002) and being a registered nurse (p = .015) predicted higher modified KASRP tool score. Participation in continuing education programs and department of employment were also associated with differences in the modified tool score. The knowledge deficits and negative attitudes of the nurses toward postoperative pain highlight the role of pregraduate and continuing education, appropriately specialized for each surgical department, in the development of empathy toward patients in pain and of clinical competency regarding pain assessment and administration of analgesics.

Kiekkas P ，Gardeli P ，Bakalis N ，Stefanopoulos N ，Adamopoulou K ，Avdulla C ，Tzourala G ，Konstantinou E ... -  《-》

Evaluating the relationship between pain empathy, knowledge and attitudes among nurses in North China: a cross-sectional study.

Effective pain management is closely related to nurses' knowledge, attitudes and empathy regarding pain. Nursing educators and managers should understand the relationship between nurses' pain management knowledge, attitudes and empathy level, and take targeted measures accordingly. Currently, there is limited study exploring the relationship between pain empathy and pain knowledge and attitudes among nurses in North China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of nurses' pain management knowledge and attitudes and pain empathy, to analyze the factors influencing pain empathy, and to explore the relationship between these two variables. This study was a quantitative, descriptive-correlation design. The study population was registered nurses in North China, the sample included 177 registered nurses in North China. Data were collected with the "General data questionnaire", "Knowledge and attitudes survey regarding pain" (KASRP) and the "Empathy for pain scale" (EPS) via Wechat mini program "Questionnaire Star". The 177 registered nurses completed the survey. The averege correct rate for KASRP was (51.94 ± 9.44)%, and none of the respondents achieved a percentage score of >80%. The mean score for pain empathy was (2.78 ± 0.78), the empathy reactions dimension was (2.99 ± 0.77), and the body and mind discomfort dimension was (2.71 ± 0.80). The results of multiple stepwise linear regression showed that whether they had received empathy training, whether they had greater trauma or severe pain and whether they had negative emotions were independent influencing factors for EPS scores. Pearson correlation analysis showed that KASRP scores were positively correlated with EPS scores (r = 0.242, P < 0.05). The pain knowledge and attitudes of nurses in North China are far from optimal. Nurses have a relatively low accuracy rate in areas such as medication knowledge, assessment of patient pain based on case studies, and handling PRN prescriptions. Nursing educators and administrators need to design some pain management courses in a targeted manner. Nurses' empathy for pain was at a moderate level. Pain empathy was positively correlated with pain knowledge and attitudes, suggesting that empathy for pain can be developed postnatally.

Wu L ，Chen X ，Jia S ，Yan L ，Li J ，Zhang L ，Guo Y ，Lu J ，Li W ... -  《-》

Quantitative study of oncology nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards pain management in Saudi Arabian hospitals.

Pain is an unpleasant human experience, often associated with underlying medical conditions, and a key reason for individuals experiencing pain to seek medical advice. However, the pain experience is unique and subjective, and affects people's quality of life, as well as impacting on their concerned family members. Optimal pain management requires adequate knowledge, a positive attitude, and competent pain assessment measures. It has been reported that oncology nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have inadequate knowledge, assessment skills and management of pain. This paper aims to examine nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management in Saudi Arabian hospitals (SA). A cross-sectional survey was administered to 320 nurses exhibiting considerable racial, cultural, religious and professional diversity, working in oncology units at five hospitals in the KSA. Self-completed survey questionnaires were distributed using the 'Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain' (KASRP) tool. The nurses exhibited a relatively poor overall knowledge of pain management (mean score = 45.1%; 95% CI = 43.9%, 46.2%). The mean KASRP scores varied significantly at α = 0.05 with respect to the nurses' nationality, whether they had attended pain-related courses, and whether they had participated in research. The results indicate the urgency needed to reform pain management education for oncology nurses in the KSA.

Alqahtani M ，Jones LK 《-》