Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: Regulators of tumor microenvironment and the enlightenment in tumor therapy.

In recent decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proven to establish an important bridge of communication between cells or cells and their microenvironment. It is well known that EVs play crucial roles in many human diseases, especially in tumors. Tumor-derived EVs (TEVs) are not only involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix remodeling to promote the invasion and metastasis, but also contribute to the suppression of antitumor immune responses by carrying different inhibitory molecules. In this review, we mainly discuss the effects of TEVs on the remodeling of tumor microenvironment through immune and non-immune associated mechanisms. We summarize the latest studies about utilizing EVs in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic drug delivery as well. In addition, the perspective of tumor therapy by targeting EVs is discussed in this review.

Chen J ，Fei X ，Wang J ，Cai Z ... -  《-》

Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer.

Urabe F ，Kosaka N ，Ito K ，Kimura T ，Egawa S ，Ochiya T ... -  《-》

The role of extracellular vesicles from different origin in the microenvironment of head and neck cancers.

Xie C ，Ji N ，Tang Z ，Li J ，Chen Q ... -  《Molecular Cancer》

The Yin and Yang of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles in tumour immunity.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles that are naturally released from various types of cells. EVs contain a wide variety of cellular components, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites, which facilitate intercellular communication in diverse biological processes. In the tumour microenvironment, EVs have been shown to play important roles in tumour progression, including immune system-tumour interactions. Although previous studies have convincingly demonstrated the immunosuppressive functions of tumour-derived EVs, some studies have suggested that tumour-derived EVs can also stimulate host immunity, especially in therapeutic conditions. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneous nature of EVs with different structural and biological characteristics that may account for the divergent functions of EVs in tumour immunity. In this review article, we provide a brief summary of our current understanding of tumour-derived EVs in immune activation and inhibition. We also highlight the emerging utility of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers and discuss the potential clinical applications of tumour-derived EVs.

Yamauchi T ，Moroishi T 《-》

Critical Roles of Tumor Extracellular Vesicles in the Microenvironment of Thoracic Cancers.

Kara-Terki L ，Treps L ，Blanquart C ，Fradin D ... -  《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES》