A study of 30 odors panel smell identification test, smell detection threshold and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) in Thailand.

This study aims to evaluate the application of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) in Thailand, as well as to conduct an odor detection threshold test using phenyl ethyl alcohol and a 30-odor smell identification test. This study was conducted from May 2019 to March 2020. We included healthy volunteers without any olfactory complaints. All participants underwent the UPSIT, an evaluation of odor detection threshold, and a 30-odor smell identification test. One hundred fifty participants were included in our study. The overall mean score on the UPSIT was 26.04 ± 6.59 points and ranged from 9 to 39.7. For participants aged under 60 years, the mean UPSIT score was 29.08 ± 4.67 points, while the mean score of those 60 years of age and over was 19.20 ± 4.97 points (mean difference of 9.88 points), a difference that was statistically significant (95% CI 8.23 to 11.53, p<0.0001). The mean lowest log value on the odor detection threshold test was -7.12 ± 1.64. This was -7.53 ± 1.05 in participants under 60 years of age and -6.20 ± 2.27 in those 60 years of age and over (mean difference of 1.33; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.86, p<0.0001). Items in the 30-odor smell identification test with correct response rates greater than 70% included fish sauce, banana, coffee, patchouli water, coconut, lemongrass, orange, ammonia, vinegar, tea leaf, Thai perfume, jasmine, pandan, curry, lime, durian, cola, corn, pineapple, strawberry, and grape. This study identified the odor detection threshold, UPSIT scores, and suitable odors to use in smell identification in a Thai population.

Kasemsuk N ，Thanaviratananich S ，Piromchai P 《-》

Establishment of olfactory diagnosis for the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.

This study attempted to establish an olfactory diagnosis for the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-TC). Volunteers were enrolled to receive a phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) threshold test. Their olfactory function was divided into normal (threshold ≤ -6), mildly impaired (-6 < threshold ≤ -4), moderately impaired (-4 < threshold ≤ -2), and poor odor detection (threshold > -2). Subjects were also grouped by age: 20 to 29 years; 30 to 39 years; 40 to 49 years; 50 to 59 years; 60 to 69 years; and 70 to 79 years. They then received the UPSIT-TC to examine their smell identification function. The cutoff scores of UPSIT-TC among the different groups of olfactory function were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve. A total of 1440 subjects were enrolled. The score of UPSIT-TC significantly decreased in both men and women after the age of 60 years. The cutoff scores were 29.5 between the normal and mildly impaired odor detection groups, 26.5 between the mildly and moderately impaired odor detection groups, and 16.5 between the moderately impaired and poor odor detection groups for males aged 20 to 59 years; the cutoff scores for these detection groups for males aged 60 to 79 years were 23.5. 20.5, and 13.5, respectively, and the cutoff scores for these detection groups for females aged 20 to 59 years were 30.5, 27.5, and 16.5, respectively. However, we did not find adequate cutoff scores for elderly females. This study established an olfactory diagnosis of UPSIT-TC for adult subjects. However, further investigation is needed for elderly subjects.

Jiang RS ，Liang KL 《-》

Cross-culturally modified University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test for a Turkish population.

Altundag A ，Tekeli H ，Salihoglu M ，Cayonu M ，Yasar H ，Kendirli MT ，Saglam O ... -  《-》

Applicability of the cross-culturally modified University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test in a Japanese population.

Ogihara H ，Kobayashi M ，Nishida K ，Kitano M ，Takeuchi K ... -  《-》

Characterization of the sniff magnitude test.

Frank RA ，Gesteland RC ，Bailie J ，Rybalsky K ，Seiden A ，Dulay MF ... -  《archives of otolaryngology-head & neck surgery》