Hypertonic saline mediates the NLRP3/IL-1β signaling axis in microglia to alleviate ischemic blood-brain barrier permeability by downregulating astrocyte-derived VEGF in rats.

The aim of this study was to explore whether the antibrain edema of hypertonic saline (HS) is associated with alleviating ischemic blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability by downregulating astrocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is mediated by microglia-derived NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The infarct volume and BBB permeability were detected. The protein expression level of VEGF in astrocytes in a transient focal brain ischemia model of rats was evaluated after 10% HS treatment. Changes in the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β protein expression, and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL1R1)/pNF-кBp65/VEGF signaling pathway were determined in astrocytes. HS alleviated the BBB permeability, reduced the infarct volume, and downregulated the expression of VEGF in astrocytes. HS downregulates IL-1β expression by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and then downregulates VEGF expression by inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-кBp65 mediated by IL-1β in astrocytes. HS alleviated the BBB permeability, reduced the infarct volume, and downregulated the expression of VEGF in astrocytes. HS downregulated IL-1β expression via inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and then downregulated VEGF expression through inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-кBp65 mediated by IL-1β in astrocytes.

Wang QS ，Ding HG ，Chen SL ，Liu XQ ，Deng YY ，Jiang WQ ，Li Y ，Huang LQ ，Han YL ，Wen MY ，Wang MQ ，Zeng HK ... -  《-》

Hypertonic saline alleviates experimentally induced cerebral oedema through suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor VEGFR2 expression in astrocytes.

Huang L ，Cao W ，Deng Y ，Zhu G ，Han Y ，Zeng H ... -  《BMC NEUROSCIENCE》

Hypertonic saline alleviates cerebral edema by inhibiting microglia-derived TNF-α and IL-1β-induced Na-K-Cl Cotransporter up-regulation.

Huang LQ ，Zhu GF ，Deng YY ，Jiang WQ ，Fang M ，Chen CB ，Cao W ，Wen MY ，Han YL ，Zeng HK ... -  《Journal of Neuroinflammation》

Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuated Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Early Brain Injury in Rats by Suppressing Inflammatory Response: Possible Involvement of NF-κB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Shao A ，Wu H ，Hong Y ，Tu S ，Sun X ，Wu Q ，Zhao Q ，Zhang J ，Sheng J ... -  《-》

Hypertonic saline downregulates endothelial cell-derived VEGF expression and reduces blood-brain barrier permeability induced by cerebral ischaemia via the VEGFR2/eNOS pathway.

Wang Q ，Deng Y ，Huang L ，Zeng W ，Chen S ，Lv B ，Jiang W ，Han Y ，Ding H ，Wen M ，Zeng H ... -  《-》