An upstream open reading frame regulates vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via ZNRD1-AS1/miR-499a-5p/ELF1/EMI1 pathway.

Increasing evidence has suggested that gliomas can supply blood through vasculogenic mimicry. In this study, the expression and function of ZNRD1-AS1-144aa-uORF (144aa-uORF) and some non-coding RNAs in gliomas were assessed. Real-time quantitative PCR or Western blot was used to discover the expression of 144aa-uORF, ZNRD1-AS1, miR-499a-5p, ELF1 and EMI1 in gliomas. In addition, RIP and RNA pull-down assays were applied to explore the interrelationship between 144aa-uORF and ZNRD1-AS1. The role of the 144aa-uORF\ZNRD1-AS1\miR-499a-5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis in vasculogenic mimicry formation of gliomas was analysed. This study illustrates the reduced expression of the 144aa-uORF in glioma tissues and cells. Up-regulation of 144aa-uORF inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry formation within glioma cells. The up-regulated 144aa-uORF can increase the degradation of ZNRD1-AS1 through the nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway. Knockdown of ZNRD1-AS1 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells by modulating miR-499a-5p. At the same time, miR-499a-5p is down-regulated and has a tumour-suppressive effect in gliomas. In addition, ZNRD1-AS1 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and regulates the expression of ELF1 by binding to miR-499a-5p. Notably, ELF1 binds to the promoter region of EMI1 and up-regulates EMI1 expression, while simultaneously promoting vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells. This study suggests that the 144aa-uORF\ZNRD1-AS1\miR-499a-5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis takes key part in regulating the formation of vasculogenic mimicry in gliomas and may provide a potential target for glioma treatment.

Wang M ，Yang C ，Liu X ，Zheng J ，Xue Y ，Ruan X ，Shen S ，Wang D ，Li Z ，Cai H ，Liu Y ... -  《-》

NR2C2-uORF targeting UCA1-miR-627-5p-NR2C2 feedback loop to regulate the malignant behaviors of glioma cells.

Fan Z ，Zheng J ，Xue Y ，Liu X ，Wang D ，Yang C ，Ma J ，Liu L ，Ruan X ，Wang Z ，Liu Y ... -  《Cell Death & Disease》

Knockdown of LncRNA SCAMP1 suppressed malignant biological behaviours of glioma cells via modulating miR-499a-5p/LMX1A/NLRC5 pathway.

Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) confirm that it plays a crucial role in tumourigenesis and malignant progression of glioma. The present study demonstrated that LncRNA secretory carrier membrane protein 1 (SCAMP1) was up-regulated and functioned as an oncogene in glioma cells. In addition, miR-499a-5p was down-regulated meanwhile exerted tumour-suppressive function in glioma cells. Subsequently, inhibition of SCAMP1 significantly restrained the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as promoted apoptosis by acting as a molecular sponge of miR-499a-5p. Transcription factor LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha (LMX1A) was overexpressed in glioma tissues and cells. Moreover, miR-499a-5p targeted LMX1A 3'-UTR in a sequence-specific manner. Hence, down-regulation of SCAMP1 remarkably reduced the expression level of LMX1A, indicating that LMX1A participated in miR-499a-5p-induced tumour-suppressive effects on glioma cells. Furthermore, knockdown of LMX1A decreased NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) mRNA and protein expression levels through directly binding to the NLRC5 promoter region. Down-regulation of NLRC5 obviously inhibited malignant biological behaviours of glioma cells through attenuating the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. In conclusion, our study clarifies that SCAMP1/miR-499a-5p/LMX1A/NLRC5 axis plays a critical role in modulating malignant progression of glioma cells, which provide a novel therapeutic strategy for glioma treatment.

Zong Z ，Song Y ，Xue Y ，Ruan X ，Liu X ，Yang C ，Zheng J ，Cao S ，Li Z ，Liu Y ... -  《-》

SUMOylation of IGF2BP2 promotes vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via regulating OIP5-AS1/miR-495-3p axis.

Rationale: Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of human central nervous system, and its rich vascular characteristics make anti-angiogenic therapy become a therapeutic hotspot. However, the existence of glioma VM makes the anti-angiogenic therapy ineffective. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that affects cell tumorigenicity by regulating the expression and activity of substrate proteins. Methods: The binding and modification of IGF2BP2 and SUMO1 were identified using Ni2+-NTA agarose bead pull-down assays, CO-IP and western blot; and in vitro SUMOylation assays combined with immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining were performed to explore the detail affects and regulations of the SUMOylation on IGF2BP2. RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression levels of IGF2BP2, OIP5-AS1, and miR-495-3p in glioma tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assays, cell transwell assays, and three-dimensional cell culture methods were used for evaluating the function of IGF2BP2, OIP5-AS1, miR-495-3p, HIF1A and MMP14 in biological behaviors of glioma cells. Meantime, RIP and luciferase reporter assays were used for inquiring into the interactions among IGF2BP2, OIP5-AS1, miR-495-3p, HIF1A and MMP14. Eventually, the tumor xenografts in nude mice further as certained the effects of IGF2BP2 SUMOylation on glioma cells. Results: This study proved that IGF2BP2 mainly binds to SUMO1 and was SUMOylated at the lysine residues K497, K505 and K509 sites, which can be reduced by SENP1. SUMOylation increased IGF2BP2 protein expression and blocked its degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby increasing its stability. The expressions of IGF2BP2 and OIP5-AS1 were up-regulated and the expression of miR-495-3p was down-regulated in both glioma tissues and cells. IGF2BP2 enhances the stability of OIP5-AS1, thereby increasing the binding of OIP5-AS1 to miR-495-3p, weakening the binding of miR-495-3p to the 3'UTR of HIF1A and MMP14 mRNA, and ultimately promoting the formation of VM in glioma. Conclusions: This study first revealed that SUMOylation of IGF2BP2 regulated OIP5-AS1/miR-495-3p axis to promote VM formation in glioma cells and xenografts growth in nude mice, providing a new idea for molecular targeted therapy of glioma.

Li H ，Wang D ，Yi B ，Cai H ，Wang Y ，Lou X ，Xi Z ，Li Z ... -  《International Journal of Biological Sciences》

Knockdown of lncRNA ZNRD1-AS1 suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting the miR-9-5p/HSP90AA1 axis.

Ba MC ，Ba Z ，Gong YF ，Lin KP ，Wu YB ，Tu YN ... -  《Aging-US》