Attitudes and willingness to donate blood among gay and bisexual men in Australia.

Men who have sex with men in Australia are currently ineligible to donate blood (are "deferred") for 12 months since last oral or anal sexual contact with another man. In Australia and overseas, there has been limited research on attitudes and perceptions related to blood donation in this population. Questions on blood donation histories and attitudes toward the deferral policy were included in the questionnaire of an online prospective cohort of gay and bisexual men (GBM) living in Australia. In 2018, 1595 GBM responded to the survey. In this sample, 28.7% reported previously donating blood. Among the remaining men who had never donated blood, 64.5% expressed an interest in doing so. Nearly all men indicated they were not willing to abstain from sex with another man for 12 months in order to donate, and the vast majority believed the rule was unfair, too strict, and homophobic. Three-quarters (77.7%) said that if the policy changed, they would likely donate blood. Age and openness about one's sexuality were independently associated with one's willingness to donate blood in the absence of the deferral. There was a high level of willingness and desire to donate blood among GBM. However, rather than abstaining from sex in order to donate, many men comply with the deferral policy and do not donate. A less conservative deferral policy may increase donations from GBM.

Clackett S ，Seed CR ，Prestage G ，Hammoud MA ，Hoad V ，Saxton P ，Haire B ，Holt M ，Jin F ，Bourne A ，Maher L ，Kaldor J ... -  《-》

Factors Associated with the Awareness of and Willingness to Use HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men, Baltimore, MD, 2017-2019.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective tool in protecting persons from acquiring HIV infection through sex or injection drug use. However, awareness and willingness to use PrEP among Black gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (BMSM) remain suboptimal compared to White MSM (WMSM) in the United States. Our aims were to (1) assess the factors associated with PrEP awareness and willingness to use PrEP among MSM and (2) compare the PrEP perceptions among BMSM versus non-Black MSM. Data were drawn from two cross-sectional behavioral surveys in Baltimore, MD: Behavioral Surveillance Research (BESURE) conducted in 2017, and Safe Spaces 4 Sexual Health (SS4SH), conducted in 2018 and 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study population. We used Poisson regression models to identify variables associated with awareness of PrEP and willingness to use PrEP. PrEP perceptions were assessed via 13 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Finally, we conducted a post-hoc exploratory bivariate analysis of the relationship between PrEP perception and willingness to use PrEP, stratified by race/ethnicity. A total of 261 MSM participated in this study. Many of the participants were aware of PrEP (75.1%). Factors associated with greater PrEP awareness included having greater than a high school education (aRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04, 1.43); and earning more than $25,000 annually (aRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08, 1.42). Participants who had received money in exchange for sex one or more times were less likely to be aware of PrEP (aRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36, 0.95). More than half of the participants were willing to use PrEP (55.3%). In bivariate and multivariable analyses, demographic or behavioral characteristics were not significantly associated with willingness to use PrEP. Higher agreement with the following statements was associated with lower willingness to use PrEP: "Having to take a pill every day is difficult" (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.97) and, "I am concerned about the side effects of PrEP" (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.96), and "PrEP is for people who have riskier sex lives than I do" (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95). Conversely, higher willingness to use PrEP was associated with comfortable having sex without a condom (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21), less anxious about sex (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.24), and my friends think that I should take PrEP (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.32). We found BMSM compared to non-Black MSM had higher mean scores related to taking a daily pill (p = 0.041), concerns about side effects (p = 0.012), concerns about people thinking they had HIV (p = 0.001), concerns about the financial costs of PrEP (p = 0.038) and caution when dealing with healthcare organizations/medical mistrust (p = 0.019). Perceptions with a statistically significant lower score among BMSM versus non-Black MSM included statements such as, comfortable having sex without a condom (p = 0.003) and less anxious about sex (p < 0.001). We conclude HIV prevention strategies, programs, and interventions should be cognizant of PrEP perceptions that facilitate or hinder PrEP uptake in Baltimore City, MD.

King H ，Thornton N ，Evans KN ，Tadfor Y ，German D ，Flynn C ，Jennings J ，Fields EL ... -  《-》

DoxyPEP Implementation Preferences for Bacterial STD Prevention Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Living With and Without HIV in Los Angeles: A Mixed-Methods Approach.

Yonko EA ，Biello KB ，Cormack Orellana C ，Richards O ，Wright C ，Aminzadeh K ，Mayer KH ，Mimiaga MJ ... -  《-》

Recruitment of Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men for a Web-Based Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intervention: Differences in Participant Characteristics and Study Engagement by Recruitment Source in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men have been referred to as a "hard-to-reach" or "hidden" community in terms of recruiting for research studies. With widespread internet use among this group and young adults in general, web-based avenues represent an important approach for reaching and recruiting members of this community. However, little is known about how participants recruited from various web-based sources may differ from one another. This study aimed to determine how young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men recruited from various web-based sources differ from one another in terms of participant characteristics and study engagement. Data were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial of Outsmart HPV, a web-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intervention for young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. From 2019 to 2021, we recruited young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in the United States who were aged 18-25 years and not vaccinated against HPV (n=1227) through various web-based avenues. We classified each participant as being recruited from either (1) social media (eg, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat), (2) a dating app (eg, Grindr, Scruff), or (3) some other digital recruitment source (eg, existing research panel, university-based organization). Analyses compared participants from these 3 groups on demographic and health-related characteristics and metrics involving study engagement. Most demographic and health-related characteristics differed by web-based recruitment source, including race or ethnicity (P<.001), relationship status (P<.001), education level (P<.001), employment status (P<.001), sexual self-identity (P<.001), health insurance status (P<.001), disclosure of sexual orientation (P=.048), and connectedness to the LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) community (P<.001) The type of device used by participants during study enrollment also differed across groups, with smartphone use higher among participants recruited via dating apps (n=660, 96.6%) compared to those recruited via social media (n=318, 78.9%) or other digital sources (n=85, 60.3%; P<.001). Participants recruited via social media were more likely than those recruited via dating apps to complete follow-up surveys at 3 different timepoints (odds ratios 1.52-2.09, P=.001-.008). These participants also spent a longer amount of time viewing intervention content about HPV vaccination (3.14 minutes vs 2.67 minutes; P=.02). We were able to recruit a large national sample of young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men for a web-based HPV vaccination intervention via multiple methodologies. Participants differed on a range of demographic and health-related characteristics, as well as metrics related to study engagement, based on whether they were recruited from social media, a dating app, or some other digital recruitment source. Findings highlight key issues and considerations that can help researchers better plan and customize future web-based recruitment efforts of young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04032106; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04032106. RR2-10.2196/16294.

Marshall DJ ，Gower AL ，Katz ML ，Bauermeister JA ，Shoben AB ，Reiter PL ... -  《JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH》

Preferences for Starting Daily, On-Demand, and Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States (2021-2022): Nationwide Online Cross-Sectional Study.

Long-acting (LA) injectable preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and on-demand PrEP may improve overall PrEP uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM), but little is understood about the PrEP option preferences of MSM in practical scenarios where they may choose between various PrEP options. This study aims to examine the preferences for starting various PrEP options among a US nationwide online convenience sample of MSM from September 2021 to February 2022. Participants reporting no prior HIV diagnosis were provided brief descriptions of each PrEP option and were asked, "If [PrEP option] were available from your local doctor and you could access it for free, would you go to your doctor in the next month to start [PrEP option]?" Those who said "yes" to multiple options were asked to rank them in order of preference. MSM currently taking daily oral (DO) PrEP were asked whether they would switch to on-demand or LA PrEP options. Log binomial models were created to examine the association between willingness to start or switch to on-demand and LA PrEP with various sociodemographic and behavioral factors. In the analytic sample (N=7760), among the participants who did not use any PrEP in the past 12 months (n=5108, 66%), 54% (n=2445) reported willingness to start at least 1 PrEP option and 41% (n=1845) of participants showed interest in starting multiple PrEP options. Overall, the highest willingness was reported for on-demand PrEP (n=2235, 44%), followed by DO PrEP (n=2174, 43%) and LA PrEP (n=1482, 29%). LA PrEP was ranked first among those interested in multiple options. Characteristics associated with ranking LA PrEP as a first option to start PrEP versus DO or on-demand PrEP were region of residence (residing in the West vs Northeast), report of sexually transmitted infection diagnosis in the past year, report of illicit drug use other than marijuana in the past year, and prior awareness of LA PrEP. Among current DO PrEP users (n=2379, 31%), 58% (n=1386) were willing to switch to on-demand or LA PrEP, and LA PrEP was ranked first among participants who were open to switching to both options. Willingness to switch to LA PrEP was higher among those who used illicit drugs other than marijuana in the past year, who heard of LA PrEP prior to the survey, and those who took 15 or less doses of oral PrEP in the last 30 days. LA PrEP was the highest-ranked option among most MSM who were willing to try multiple options or switch from DO PrEP. These findings highlight that LA PrEP might fill coverage gaps among MSM who use illicit drugs, have had a recent sexually transmitted infection diagnosis, and have less than optimal DO PrEP adherence.

Islek D ，Sanchez T ，Glick JL ，Jones J ，Rawlings K ，Sarkar S ，Sullivan PS ，Vannappagari V ... -  《JMIR Public Health and Surveillance》