Increased serum soluble programmed death ligand 1(sPD-L1) is associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: A monocentric cross-sectional study.

This paper is to examine the relationship between serum soluble programmed death ligand 1(sPD-L1) levels and the development of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Serum sPD-L1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. sPD-L1 levels in RA with ILD, RA without ILD and healthy controls were compared. Associations between ILD and various markers including sPD-L1 and confounding factors were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Diagnostic values of sPD-L1 for the presence of ILD were investigated using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Serum sPD-L1 levels were higher in RA patients with ILD than RA patients without ILD and healthy controls (23.7 ± 9.8 vs. 18.0 ± 7.7 pg/mL, P = 0.01 and 23.7 ± 9.8 vs. 2.9 ± 1.5 pg/mL, P < 0.0001). sPD-L1 levels were positively correlated with RF titer (r = 0.245, P = 0.03), CRP (r = 0.265,P = 0.01), HRCT score (r = 0.265, P = 0.04) and Ferritin (r = 0.442, P = 0.01), but negatively associated with FVC% (r = -0.359, P = 0.01) and DLCO% (r = -0.399, P = 0.008). sPD-L1 and anti-CCP antibody status were independently associated with the presence of ILD during multivariate logistic regression analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of sPD-L1 levels for the detection of ILD in RA patients were 51.7% and 79.3%, respectively (area under the curve = 0.661). Serum sPD-L1 levels were increased in RA patients with ILD. Increased sPD-L1 levels were associated with the presence of ILD.

Wu X ，Xu L ，Cheng Q ，Nie L ，Zhang S ，Du Y ，Xue J ... -  《-》

Soluble programmed death molecule 1 (sPD-1) as a predictor of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis.

Previous studies have indicated that the programmed death molecule 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway may play a key role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is not clear. We examined the serum levels of soluble PD-1 in patients with RA and its relationship with RA-ILD. Blood samples were obtained from 87 patients with RA (58 with ILD and 29 without ILD) and 45 healthy controls. Serum sPD-1 was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The pulmonary interstitial disease score was completed by a pulmonary physician and a radiologist through chest high-resolution computed tomography. Patients with RA-ILD were tested for lung function [e.g., forced vital capacity (FVC%), diffusing capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO%)]. Associations between ILD and various markers, including sPD-1 and confounding factors, were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Diagnostic values of sPD-1 for the presence of ILD were investigated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Serum sPD-1 levels were higher in RA patients with ILD than in RA patients without ILD and healthy controls (185.1 ± 109.0 pg/ml vs. 119.1 ± 77.5 pg/ml vs. 52.1 ± 21.7 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Serum sPD-1 levels were positively correlated with RF titer (P = 0.02, r = 0.249), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status (P = 0.02, r = 0.243), and serum IgG levels (P < 0.001, r = 0.368), negatively associated with FVC% (P = 0.02, r = - 0.344), forced expiratory volume (FEV1%) (P  = 0.01, r = - 0.354), total lung capacity (TLC%) (P = 0.046, r = - 0.302), and was independently associated with the presence of ILD in RA patients by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of sPD-1 levels for the detection of ILD in RA patients were 58.6% and 75.9%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.689. Serum sPD-1 levels were increased in RA patients with ILD. Increased sPD-1 may be a valuable biomarker to predict the presence of ILD in patients with RA.

Xu L ，Jiang L ，Nie L ，Zhang S ，Liu L ，Du Y ，Xue J ... -  《BMC IMMUNOLOGY》

Improving risk-stratification of rheumatoid arthritis patients for interstitial lung disease.

Avouac J ，Cauvet A ，Steelandt A ，Shirai Y ，Elhai M ，Kuwana M ，Distler O ，Allanore Y ... -  《PLoS One》

Interleukin-18 is associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study.

Matsuo T ，Hashimoto M ，Ito I ，Kubo T ，Uozumi R ，Furu M ，Ito H ，Fujii T ，Tanaka M ，Terao C ，Kono H ，Mori M ，Hamaguchi M ，Yamamoto W ，Ohmura K ，Morita S ，Mimori T ... -  《-》

Smoking Is Associated With Low Levels of Soluble PD-L1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Wasén C ，Erlandsson MC ，Bossios A ，Ekerljung L ，Malmhäll C ，Töyrä Silfverswärd S ，Pullerits R ，Lundbäck B ，Bokarewa MI ... -  《Frontiers in Immunology》