Case Report: Metreleptin and SGLT2 Inhibitor Combination Therapy Is Effective for Acquired Incomplete Lipodystrophy.
Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) who have undergone bone marrow transplantation with systemic chemotherapy and whole-body irradiation often experience impaired glucose tolerance with marked insulin resistance. Incomplete acquired diabetic lipodystrophy should be considered as a late complication of bone marrow transplantation. A 24-year-old Japanese female patient with incomplete acquired lipodystrophy, a CCS of acute lymphocytic leukemia at the age of 3 years, was treated for diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia at our hospital. Administration of multiple daily insulin injections (70 units/day), and oral administration of 500 mg/day metformin, 15 mg/day pioglitazone, and 200 mg/day bezafibrate had proven ineffective for her metabolic disorders. Subcutaneous administration of metreleptin improved her insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia within a month; however, it failed to maintain adequate plasma glucose levels in the long term. When oral administration of 10 mg/day empagliflozin was added to the metreleptin supplementation, her HbA1c value (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program) improved from 11% to 8%, which was maintained for an additional 18 months. This is the first case report of incomplete lipodystrophy that shows efficacy of a combination therapy with metreleptin and a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor for the treatment of diabetes and dyslipidemia. An SGLT2 inhibitor attenuates hyperglycemia through urinary glucose excretion and has been suggested to enhance lipid catabolism in the extra-adipose tissues, especially in the liver and skeletal muscles. Furthermore, metreleptin supplementation could enhance the action of the SGLT2 inhibitor by promoting satiety and lipolysis through the central nervous system. Combination therapy with metreleptin and an SGLT2 inhibitor was suggested to recover the volume of adipose tissue, possibly through improvement of insulin resistance in the adipose tissue. This report highlights the pathophysiological mechanism of an SGLT2 inhibitor in the improvement of glucose metabolism in non-healthy lean CCSs with insulin resistance. Administration of SGLT2 inhibitor, along with metreleptin supplementation, could be a good alternative therapy for diabetic lipodystrophy observed in CCSs.
Nagayama A
，Ashida K
，Watanabe M
，Moritaka K
，Sonezaki A
，Kitajima Y
，Takahashi H
，Yoshinobu S
，Iwata S
，Yasuda J
，Hasuzawa N
，Ozono S
，Motomura S
，Nomura M
... -
《Frontiers in Endocrinology》
Effects of Metreleptin in Pediatric Patients With Lipodystrophy.
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare disorders of deficient adipose tissue. Metreleptin, a human analog of leptin, improved metabolic abnormalities in mixed cohorts of children and adults with lipodystrophy and low leptin.
Determine effects of metreleptin on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), growth, and puberty in pediatric patients with lipodystrophy and low leptin.
Prospective, single-arm, open-label studies with continuous enrollment since 2000.
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Fifty-three patients aged 6 months to <18 years with lipodystrophy, leptin level <8 ng/mL (male patients) or <12 ng/mL (female patients), and ≥1 metabolic abnormality (diabetes, insulin resistance, or hypertriglyceridemia).
Subcutaneous metreleptin injections (0.04 to 0.19 mg/kg/d).
Change in A1c, lipid, and transaminase levels after a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 12 ± 0.2 months and 61 ± 39 months. Changes in liver histology, growth, and pubertal development throughout treatment.
After 12 months, the A1c level (mean ± SD) decreased from 8.3% ± 2.4% to 6.5% ± 1.8%, and median triglyceride level decreased from 374 mg/dL [geometric mean (25th,75th percentile), 190, 1065] to 189 mg/dL (112, 334; P < 0.0001), despite decreased glucose- and lipid-lowering medications. The median [geometric mean (25th,75th percentile)] alanine aminotransferase level decreased from 73 U/L (45, 126) to 41 U/L (25, 59; P = 0.001), and that of aspartate aminotransferase decreased from 51 U/L (29, 90) to 26 U/L (18, 42; P = 0.0002). These improvements were maintained over long-term treatment. In 17 patients who underwent paired biopsies, the NAFLD activity score (mean ± SD) decreased from 4.5 ± 2.0 to 3.4 ± 2.0 after 3.3 ± 3.2 years of metreleptin therapy (P = 0.03). There were no clinically significant changes in growth or puberty.
Metreleptin lowered A1c and triglyceride levels, and improved biomarkers of NAFLD in pediatric patients with lipodystrophy. These improvements are likely to reduce the lifetime burden of disease.
Brown RJ
，Meehan CA
，Cochran E
，Rother KI
，Kleiner DE
，Walter M
，Gorden P
... -
《-》
Immunogenicity associated with metreleptin treatment in patients with obesity or lipodystrophy.
Recombinant human leptin (metreleptin) improves glycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia in patients with generalized lipodystrophy; antibody development with in vitro neutralizing activity has been reported. We aimed to characterize antimetreleptin antibody development, including in vitro neutralizing activity.
Two randomized controlled studies in patients with obesity (twice-daily metreleptin ± pramlintide for 20-52 weeks; 2006-2009); two long-term, open-label studies in patients with lipodystrophy (once-daily or twice-daily metreleptin for 2 months to 12·3 years; 2000-2014).
A total of 579 metreleptin-treated patients with obesity and 134 metreleptin-treated patients with lipodystrophy (antibody/neutralizing activity data: n = 105).
Antimetreleptin antibodies, in vitro neutralizing activity.
Antimetreleptin antibodies developed in most patients (obese: 96-100%; lipodystrophy: 86-92%). Peak antibody titers (approximately 1:125 to 1:3125) generally occurred within 4-6 months and decreased with continued therapy (lipodystrophy). Antibody development did not adversely impact efficacy or safety (patients with obesity), except for inflammatory injection site reactions, but was associated with elevated leptin concentrations. Three patients with obesity developed in vitro neutralizing activity coincident with weight gain. Weight later returned to baseline in one patient despite persistent neutralizing activity. Four patients with generalized lipodystrophy developed in vitro neutralizing activity concurrent with worsened metabolic control; two with confounding comorbidities had sepsis. One patient with lipodystrophy had resolution of neutralizing activity on metreleptin.
Development of in vitro neutralizing activity could be associated with loss of efficacy but has not been consistently associated with adverse clinical consequences. Whether neutralization of endogenous leptin with clinical consequences occurs remains unclear.
Chan JL
，Koda J
，Heilig JS
，Cochran EK
，Gorden P
，Oral EA
，Brown RJ
... -
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