Preparing Medical Students to Be Physician Leaders: A Leadership Training Program for Students Designed and Led by Students.

Leadership is an area of education and training that is critical to the development of medical providers as health care professionals, yet few medical school curricula offer formal training in this area. We designed and implemented a course to develop and enhance the leadership and teamwork skills of first-year medical students to better prepare them for medical practice. Following a systematic literature review to identify leadership core competencies, the Leadership in Medicine Optional Enrichment Elective (OEE) was developed in accordance with the University of Massachusetts Medical School's course guidelines. The elective included six interactive sessions to advance skills in the areas of recognizing and utilizing effective leadership styles, communication within the health care team, giving and receiving feedback, delegating responsibilities, and direction setting. We designed a robust, evidence-based, scholarly evaluation plan for the OEE that was integral to ongoing quality improvement of the course. Outcomes were assessed in alignment with the Kirkpatrick method of standardized evaluation. A total of 26 participants completed the course. At completion, participants demonstrated learning and advancement of skills in all five leadership domains. Furthermore, participants found meaning in the course and planned to utilize their skills in future medical practice. The development, implementation, and evaluation of this program can serve as a model for future course development, and the program can be adapted and implemented by other institutions in an effort to address the learning gap regarding leadership education.

Richard K ，Noujaim M ，Thorndyke LE ，Fischer MA ... -  《-》

Medical Student Consulting: Providing Students Leadership and Business Opportunities While Positively Impacting the Community.

Medical schools are increasingly attempting to prepare future physicians for diverse new leadership roles in the health care system. Many schools have implemented didactic leadership curricula, with varying levels of structure and success. Project-based learning via completion of real-world projects using a team-based approach remains an underutilized approach to developing student leadership skills. We designed and implemented the Medical Educational Consulting Group (Med ECG)-a student-run consulting program that provides medical students with opportunities to develop leadership skills by completing consulting projects with local clients. We provide an overview of the Med ECG model, including a combination of didactic training sessions and project-based learning via both simulation and real-world projects. Surveys were used to evaluate the value of Med ECG to clients, the community, and students. Fourteen medical students (eight first-years, two second-years, three third-years, and one fourth-year, including five dual-degree candidates) completed the Med ECG program. Client feedback pointed to the value of Med ECG's projects and their impact on the community through partner organizations. Finally, linear regression analysis showed a strong positive correlation (R2 = .61) between the amount of effort devoted to various leadership attributes and the perceived improvement while working with Med ECG. Med ECG's experiences show that a medical student-led project-based learning program is a novel way to develop leadership skills for future physician leaders. Efforts to replicate these types of programs will help additional students develop their leadership and business skills, making a positive impact outside of the classroom.

Portney DS ，VonAchen P ，Standiford T ，Carey MR ，Vu J ，Kirst N ，Zink B ... -  《-》

A pilot study of the implementation and evaluation of a leadership program for medical undergraduate students: Lessons learned.

Sethi S ，Chari S ，Shah H ，Agarwal R ，Dabas R ，Garg R ... -  《-》

A simulation-based curriculum to introduce key teamwork principles to entering medical students.

Banerjee A ，Slagle JM ，Mercaldo ND ，Booker R ，Miller A ，France DJ ，Rawn L ，Weinger MB ... -  《-》

A medical student leadership course led to teamwork, advocacy, and mindfulness.

Warde CM ，Vermillion M ，Uijtdehaage S 《-》