Effect of exercise-meal timing on energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity: The TIMEX study.

The present study manipulated the delay between exercise and test meal to investigate its effect on energy intake, appetite sensations and food reward in adolescents with obesity. Fifteen adolescents with obesity randomly completed 3 experimental sessions: i) rest without exercise (CON); ii) 30 min of exercise 180 min before lunch (EX-180); iii) 30 min of exercise 60 min before lunch (EX-60). Ad libitum energy intake was assessed at lunch and dinner, and food reward (LFPQ) assessed before and after lunch. Appetite sensations were assessed at regular intervals. Absolute energy intake was not different between conditions despite a 14.4% lower intake in EX-60 relative to CON. Lunch relative energy intake (REI: energy intake - exercise-induced energy expenditure) was higher in CON compared with EX-60 (p < 0.001). Lunch fat intake was lower in EX-60 compared with CON (p = 0.01) and EX-180(p = 0.02). Pre-lunch hunger in CON was lower than EX-180 (p = 0.02). Pre-lunch prospective food consumption and desire to eat were lower in CON compared with both exercise conditions (p = 0.001). A significant condition effect was found for explicit liking for high-fat relative to low-fat foods before lunch (p = 0.03) with EX-60 being significantly lower than EX-180 (p = 0.001). The nutritional and food reward adaptations to exercise might be dependent on the timing of exercise, which is of importance to optimize its effect on energy balance in adolescents with obesity. CLINICAL TRIAL REFERENCE: NCT03807609.

Fillon A ，Mathieu ME ，Masurier J ，Roche J ，Miguet M ，Khammassi M ，Finlayson G ，Beaulieu K ，Pereira B ，Duclos M ，Boirie Y ，Thivel D ... -  《-》

Delayed meal timing after exercise is associated with reduced appetite and energy intake in adolescents with obesity.

While the beneficial effects of exercise on appetite might depend on its timing during the day or relative to a meal, this remains poorly explored in youth. To examine the importance of meal timing (+30 vs +90 minutes) after performing exercise on energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity. Eighteen adolescents with obesity randomly completed three conditions: (a) lunch (12:00 pm) set 30 minutes after a rest session (11:00 am); (b) lunch (12:00 pm) set 30 minutes after an exercise session (11:00 am)(MEAL-30); (c) lunch (01:00 pm) set 90 minutes after an exercise session (11:00 am)(MEAL-90). Lunch and dinner ad libitum energy intake was assessed, food reward (LFPQ) assessed before and after lunch, and before dinner, appetite sensations were assessed at regular intervals. Energy intake was lower at MEAL-90 than MEAL-30 and CON at lunch (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively) and lunch + dinner combined (P < .001). A decrease in intake (g) of protein, fat and carbohydrate was observed. Post-exercise hunger was lower on MEAL-90 compared with CON. No condition effects were found at lunch for food reward. Delaying the timing of the meal after exercise might help affect energy balance by decreasing ad libitum energy intake without increasing hunger and by improving satiety in adolescents with obesity.

Fillon A ，Beaulieu K ，Miguet M ，Bailly M ，Finlayson G ，Julian V ，Masurier J ，Pereira B ，Duclos M ，Boirie Y ，Thivel D ... -  《Pediatric Obesity》

Post-moderate-intensity exercise energy replacement does not reduce subsequent appetite and energy intake in adolescents with obesity.

Thivel D ，Roche J ，Miguet M ，Fillon A ，Khammassi M ，Beaulieu K ，Finlayson G ，Pereira B ，Miyashita M ，Thackray AE ，Masurier J ，Duclos M ，Boirie Y ... -  《-》

Acute exercise might not affect subsequent appetite responses to a fixed meal in adolescents with obesity: The SMASH exploratory study.

Siroux J ，Moore H ，Isacco L ，Couvert A ，Pereira B ，Julian V ，Duclos M ，Miyashita M ，Finlayson G ，Boirie Y ，Thivel D ... -  《-》

Does exercising before or after a meal affect energy balance in adolescents with obesity?

Exercise timing has been suggested to affect appetite and energy intake (EI). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of exercising immediately before or after a meal on EI, appetite sensations and food reward (FR) in adolescents with obesity. Seventeen adolescents with obesity completed 3 experimental sessions (randomized controlled trial): rest + lunch (CON); exercise + lunch (EX-MEAL); lunch + exercise (MEAL-EX). The exercise consisted of cycling 30 min at 65%V̇O2peak. Outcomes included ad libitum EI (weighed lunch and dinner), FR (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire at pre- and post-combination of exercise/rest and lunch, and pre-dinner) and appetite sensations (visual analogue scales). EI was not different between conditions. Compared with CON, relative EI at lunch was lower in EX-MEAL and MEAL-EX (p ≤ 0.05) and daily only in MEAL-EX (p < 0.01). Postprandial fullness was higher in EX-MEAL compared to CON. Compared with CON, both EX-MEAL and MEAL-EX attenuated the increase in wanting for sweet food and reduced explicit liking for fat. These preliminary results suggest that exercising immediately before or after a meal produce few differences in appetite and have small beneficial effects on overall energy balance in adolescents with obesity, as well as on FR. NCT03967782.

Fillon A ，Beaulieu K ，Miguet M ，Bailly M ，Finlayson G ，Julian V ，Masurier J ，Mathieu ME ，Pereira B ，Duclos M ，Boirie Y ，Thivel D ... -  《-》