Comparative efficacy and safety of immunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Two PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) and one PD-L1(atezolizumab) inhibitors are approved for previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer but have not been compared in head-to-head trials. A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare efficacy/safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In five-trials (including long-term updates) with docetaxel as common comparator there were no differences in OS and PFS between PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Pembrolizumab (odds ratio(OR) = 2.22, 95%CrI = 1.28-3.70) and nivolumab (OR = 1.92, 95%CrI = 1.15-3.23) had higher ORRs than atezolizumab and at PD-L1 expression ≥50% and ≥1%. Probabilistically, pembrolizumab ranked first in OS and ORR, and in OS sub-analyses for adenocarcinoma, EGFR-mutant, ECOG-score-1, male, and age <65 years. Nivolumab ranked first in PFS, and in OS sub-analyses for squamous-cell disease, EGFR-wild-type, and ECOG-score-0. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab ranked the best option for most of adverse events. While pembrolizumab and nivolumab prevailed in rank in OS and ORR benefit, patient characteristics, safety and tolerance should be considered in treatment decision-making.

Almutairi AR ，Alkhatib N ，Martin J ，Babiker HM ，Garland LL ，McBride A ，Abraham I ... -  《-》

Which is the optimal immunotherapy for advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer in combination with chemotherapy: anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1?

Zhang Y ，Zhou H ，Zhang L 《Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer》

Anti-PD-1 versus anti-PD-L1 therapy in patients with pretreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Tartarone A ，Roviello G ，Lerose R ，Roudi R ，Aieta M ，Zoppoli P ... -  《-》

Comparison between PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab) in pretreated NSCLC patients: Evidence from a Bayesian network model.

Wu Y ，Lin L ，Shen Y ，Wu H ... -  《-》

Comparative Efficacy of Second- and Subsequent-line Treatments for Metastatic NSCLC: A Fractional Polynomials Network Meta-analysis of Cancer Immunotherapies.

Extended onset of treatment effect and longer-term survival with anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapies, atezolizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab, have changed the landscape of second- or subsequent-line (2L+) treatments for adults with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This systematic literature review included phase I to IV randomized, controlled trials of 2L+ NSCLC therapies from MEDLINE, Embase, and secondary sources. Studies of treatments approved in the European Union or United States had to be in English with ≥ 10 patients per arm. A fractional polynomials network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted because traditional NMA of hazard ratios does not account for delayed onset of clinical effect or long-term survival observed in PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitor trials. Adjusted analyses accounted for treatment switching in the atezolizumab OAK trial. Expected survival time reflected area under the curve over the time horizon. Expected overall survival (OS) was ranked by median ranking with 95% credible intervals and by surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Of 25,115 screened records, 28 studies were included in the quantitative analyses of OS and progression-free survival. PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors had comparable expected 5-year OS; all performed better than other treatment options. In unadjusted analyses, surface under the cumulative ranking curve ranked nivolumab first (87.9%), followed by atezolizumab (85.8%) and pembrolizumab (82.8%). Analyses adjusted for patients switching from docetaxel to immunotherapy ranked atezolizumab first (89.6%), followed by nivolumab (86.5%) and pembrolizumab (81.9%). This NMA applied an appropriate approach for indirect comparisons, including cancer immunotherapies, and supported robustness of PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapies for 2L+ treatment of NSCLC.

Schulz C ，Gandara D ，Berardo CG ，Rosenthal R ，Foo J ，Morel C ，Ballinger M ，Watkins C ，Chu P ... -  《-》