Burnout and perceived social support: The mediating role of secondary traumatization in nurses vs. physicians.

The study aimed to examine differences between paediatric nurses and physicians regarding burnout syndrome, secondary traumatic stress (STS) and perceived social support (PSS). Paediatric nurses and physicians encounter cumulative effects of treating sick and injured children and helping their families, in situations that might promote burnout and STS. Cross-sectional design. Nurses (n = 158) and physicians (N = 76) completed self-report questionnaires on STS, PSS and burnout. Nurses and physicians had similar rates of STS and burnout but showed significant differences in PSS. Furthermore, STS mediated the association between PSS and burnout for both groups; however, the effect was stronger for nurses in comparison to physicians. Paediatric nurses and physicians would benefit from participating in interventions geared towards reducing STS, thus minimizing burnout. Moreover, advocating social support within the organization is needed to bolster the ability for coping with sources of stress. Nurses' and physicians' involvement in the physical, physiological and mental needs of their paediatric patients might lead to burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS). However, research on social support in the context of burnout and STS among nurses and physicians is scant. Secondary traumatic stress and burnout were similar for nurses and physicians, though perceived social support (PSS) was higher for nurses. Secondary traumatic stress plays a mediating role in the association between PSS and burnout among nurses and physicians. However, the mediation effect was stronger for nurses. Policy makers would be wise to advocate institutional stress management interventions to reduce secondary traumatic and to reinforce organizational support for nurses and physicians.

Hamama L ，Hamama-Raz Y ，Stokar YN ，Pat-Horenczyk R ，Brom D ，Bron-Harlev E ... -  《-》

The mediating role of social support on the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and burnout of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study.

Social support can help nurses cope with occupational stress and trauma, and maintain overall well-being, particularly in stressful situations such as outbreaks. To determine the mediating role of social support on the relationship between secondary traumatic stress (STS) and burnout among nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients. A cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive design. Two hundred nurses who had provided direct care to COVID-19 patients were recruited from wards in two hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Professional Quality of Life Scale tools. STS had a significant and positive correlation with burnout (r = 0.610, p = 0.000); social support from family, friends, and significant others were each significantly and negatively associated with STS (r = -0.147, p = 0.038; r = -0.547, p < 0.0001; r = -0.225, p = 0.001, respectively) and burnout (r = 0-0.282, p < 0.0001; r = -0.716, p = 0.026; r = -0.377, p < 0.0001, respectively). STS had a significant effect on social support (β = -0.21, p = 0.042) and burnout (β = 0.61, p < 0.0001). Social support had a significant and partial effect on the relationship between STS and burnout (Z = 2.99, p = 0.002). Social support can reduce and mitigate the negative effects of STS and burnout. This understanding could enhance nurses' occupational lives by assisting policymakers and nurse managers in creating positive work environments that promote social support. Such policies could reduce the incidence and impact of burnout and STS.

Shaqiqi W ，Abou El-Soud FA 《-》

Associations of professional quality of life and social support with health in clinical nurses.

To explore the associations of the professional quality of life and social support with health in nurses. Physical and mental health may be associated with absence from work among nurses. Few studies have explored the associations of professional quality of life and social support on the physical and mental health of nurses. This was a cross-sectional study. In total, 294 nurses were recruited from a hospital in Southern Taiwan. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data. Burnout, secondary traumatic stress and social support from relatives or friends were important factors of physical and mental health. Interactions between support from relatives or friends and secondary traumatic stress are important factors in physical health. Reducing burnout and secondary traumatic stress is important for physical and mental health of nurses. Increasing social support from relatives or friends may be useful to reduce the negative effects of secondary traumatic stress on the physical health of nurses. Nurse managers could design interventions to reduce and prevent nurses from being influenced by burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Educating nurses to build effective social networks with relatives or friends and to seek support when experiencing secondary traumatic stress may also be needed.

Fu CY ，Yang MS ，Leung W ，Liu YY ，Huang HW ，Wang RH ... -  《-》

Psychological resilience and secondary traumatic stress in nurses working with terminally ill patients-The mediating role of job burnout.

Ogińska-Bulik N ，Michalska P 《-》

Work stress, perceived social support, self-efficacy and burnout among Chinese registered nurses.

To establish a model and identify structural relationships between Chinese nurses' perceived social support, self-efficacy, work stress and burnout. The prevalence of burnout among nurses tends to be high worldwide. A better understanding of relationships between the study variables can help hospital managers apply effective programmes to reduce burnout. However, no studies have identified the structural relationships between these variables in one model, simultaneously. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to complete questionnaires from 444 nurses working in three Chinese general tertiary hospitals. The proposed model was examined by structural equation modelling. The proposed model was partially supported by empirical data. The total effect of work stress on burnout was large. Both work stress and the perceived social support moderately and directly affected burnout. Work stress also indirectly affected burnout through perceived social support. Work stress directly influenced perceived social support and self-efficacy. Perceived social support directly affected self-efficacy. However, self-efficacy did not directly influence burnout. This study validated a model and identified a deep understanding of structural relationships between the selected variables among Chinese nurses. Apart from reducing work stressors, hospital managers should utilize more social support strategies when designing intervention programmes to reduce burnout.

Liu Y ，Aungsuroch Y 《-》