Late presentation of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure carries a high mortality risk in COPD patients treated with ward-based NIV.

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is recommended for treatment of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) refractory to medical management in patients with COPD. This study investigated the relationship between time from hospital presentation to diagnosis of AHRF and in-hospital mortality. Retrospective analysis of hospitalised COPD patients treated with a first episode of ward-based NIV for AHRF at a large UK teaching hospital between 2004 and 2017. Data collected prospectively as part of NIV service evaluation. Multivariable logistic regression performed to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality. In total, 547 unique patients were studied comprising 245 males (44.8%), median age 70.6 years, median FEV1% predicted 34%. Overall in-hospital mortality was 19% (n = 104); median survival was 1.7 years. In univariate analysis, a longer time between hospital presentation to diagnosis of AHRF was associated with in-hospital mortality (median [IQR]: 8.7 [0.7-75.8] hours vs. 1.9 [0.3-13.6] hours, p < 0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression, significant predictors of in-hospital mortality were AHRF >24 h after hospital presentation (odds ratio [95% CI]: 2.29 [1.33-3.95], p = 0.003), pneumonia on admission (1.81 [1.07-3.08], p = 0.027), increased age (1.10 [1.07-1.14], p < 0.001) and NIV as ceiling of treatment (5.86 [2.87-11.94], p < 0.001). Hospitalised COPD patients with late presentation of AHRF, requiring acute ward-based NIV, may have increased in-hospital mortality. These patients may benefit from closer monitoring and earlier specialist respiratory review.

Trethewey SP ，Edgar RG ，Morlet J ，Mukherjee R ，Turner AM ... -  《-》

Temporal trends in survival following ward-based NIV for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with COPD.

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is recommended for treatment of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in acute exacerbations of COPD. National UK audit data suggests that mortality rates are rising in COPD patients treated with NIV. To investigate temporal trends in in-hospital mortality in COPD patients undergoing a first episode of ward-based NIV for AHRF. Retrospective study of hospitalised COPD patients treated with a first episode of ward-based NIV at a large UK teaching hospital between 2004 and 2017. Patients were split into two cohorts based on year of admission, 2004-2010 (Cohort 1) and 2013-2017 (Cohort 2), to facilitate comparison of patient characteristics. In total, 547 unique patients were studied. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality rate between the time periods studied (17.6% vs 20.5%, P = .378). In Cohort 2 there were more females, a higher rate of co-morbid bronchiectasis and pneumonia on admission and more severe acidosis, hypercapnia and hypoxia. More patients in Cohort 2 had NIV as the ceiling of treatment. Patients in Cohort 2 experienced a longer time from AHRF diagnosis to application of NIV, higher maximum inspiratory positive airway pressure, lower maximum oxygen and shorter duration of NIV. Finally, patients in Cohort 2 experienced a shorter hospital length of stay (LOS), with no differences observed in rate of transfer to critical care or intubation. In-hospital mortality remained stable and LOS decreased over time, despite greater comorbidity and more severe AHRF in COPD patients treated for the first time with ward-based NIV.

Trethewey SP ，Edgar RG ，Morlet J ，Mukherjee R ，Turner AM ... -  《-》

Ward-Based Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Unrelated to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

The use of ward-based noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) unrelated to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. This study evaluated the outcomes and failure rates associated with NIV application in the ward-based setting for patients with AHRF unrelated to COPD. A multicentre, retrospective cohort study of patients with AHRF unrelated to COPD was conducted. COPD was not the main reason for hospital admission, treated with ward-based NIV between February 2004 and December 2018. All AHRF patients were eligible; exclusion criteria comprised COPD patients, age < 18 years, pre-NIV pH < 7.35, or a lack of pre-NIV blood gas. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome; univariable and multivariable models were constructed. The obesity-related AHRF group included patients with AHRF due to obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), and the non-obesity-related AHRF group included patients with AHRF due to pneumonia, bronchiectasis, neuromuscular disease, or fluid overload. In total, 479 patients were included in the analysis; 80.2% of patients survived to hospital discharge. Obesity-related AHRF was the indication for NIV in 39.2% of all episodes and was the aetiology with the highest rate of survival to hospital discharge (93.1%). In the multivariable analysis, factors associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality were increased age (odds ratio, 95% CI: 1.034, 1.017-1.051, P < 0.001) and pneumonia on admission (5.313, 2.326-12.131, P < 0.001). In the obesity-related AHRF group, pre-NIV pH < 7.15 was associated with significantly increased in-hospital mortality (7.800, 1.843-33.013, P=0.005); however, a pre-NIV pH 7.15-7.25 was not associated with increased in-hospital mortality (2.035, 0.523-7.915, P=0.305). Pre-NIV pH and age have been identified as important predictors of surviving ward-based NIV treatment. Moreover, these data support the use of NIV in ward-based settings for obesity-related AHRF patients with pre-NIV pH thresholds down to 7.15. However, future controlled trials are required to confirm the effectiveness of NIV use outside critical care settings for obesity-related AHRF.

Faqihi BM ，Parekh D ，Trethewey SP ，Morlet J ，Mukherjee R ，Turner AM ... -  《-》

Delayed but successful response to noninvasive ventilation in COPD patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Lemyze M ，Bury Q ，Guiot A ，Jonard M ，Mohammad U ，Van Grunderbeeck N ，Gasan G ，Thevenin D ，Mallat J ... -  《International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease》

Non-invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in older patients.

Çiftci F ，Çiledağ A ，Erol S ，Kaya A ... -  《-》