Evaluating the Role of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in the Management of Sacral and Vertebral Chordoma: Results from a National Database.

Chordomas are slow-growing but locally invasive tumors. The standard of care consists of surgical resection and radiotherapy (RT) when complete resection is not possible. The reported data has reached equivocal results regarding the effect of adding RT to increase patient survival. We investigated the effect of adjuvant RT on patient survival. The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with a diagnosis of sacral and vertebral column chordoma from 2004 to 2010. The primary outcome was overall survival, which was assessed using Kaplan-Meier plots. Cox proportional hazards were performed to evaluate the effect of each treatment modality on survival after adjusting for an array of patient demographics, facility type, and tumor characteristics. The data from 282 patients with chordoma were analyzed; 209 patients (74.1%) had undergone gross total resection (GTR) alone. The median follow-up period for the GTR alone and GTR plus RT groups was 63.4 and 67.6 months, respectively. The mean survival was comparable between patients receiving GTR alone and those receiving adjuvant RT, for both sacral (7.7 and 6.9 years, respectively; P = 0.56) and vertebral chordoma (8.8 and 6.2 years, respectively; P = 0.59). Using Cox proportional hazards, we found that compared with GTR alone, GTR plus adjuvant RT did not add any significant survival benefit, for patients with either sacral chordoma (hazard ratio, 0.55; P = 0.43) or vertebral chordoma (hazard ratio, 7.29; P = 0.23). Using data from a large national cancer registry, we found that the available evidence is not enough to suggest that the addition of RT offers a survival benefit for patients with sacral and spinal chordoma after GTR. Given the non-negligible complications associated with RT, the balance of benefits and risks must be considered during preoperative tailoring of the treatment decisions.

Yolcu Y ，Wahood W ，Alvi MA ，Kerezoudis P ，Okuno SH ，Foote RL ，Bydon M ... -  《-》

Radiotherapy after gross-total resection and subtotal resection of spinal chordoma: a SEER database analysis of overall survival outcomes.

Gendreau J ，Kuo CC ，Mehkri Y ，Chakravarti S ，Lu B ，Lubelski D ，Redmond KJ ，Bettegowda C ，Mukherjee D ... -  《-》

Fractionated radiotherapy after gross-total resection of spinal chordoma: a systematic review of survival outcomes using individualized patient data.

Gendreau JL ，Gowda K ，Kazemi F ，Horowitz M ，Shalom M ，Kuo CC ，Mehkri Y ，Yan M ，Redmond KJ ，Lubelski D ，Mukherjee D ... -  《-》

Radiotherapy After Gross Total Resection of Skull Base Chordoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Analysis of Survival Outcomes.

Skull base chordoma is a rare and locally destructive malignancy which presents unique therapeutic challenges. While achieving gross total resection (GTR) confers the greatest survival advantage, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for patients who receive GTR remains unclear in the absence of prospective trials. Here, we aim to assess the effect of RT on survival outcomes in skull base chordoma patients who receive GTR by utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients with diagnostic, primary site, and resection codes specific for chordoma, skull base, and GTR, respectively, were queried in the SEER database (2000-2018). Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank test) were constructed and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess survival outcomes. A total of 115 skull base chordomas undergoing GTR were identified, of which 37 (32%) received no RT and 78 (68%) received RT. Median follow-up was 55.00 months (range: 0.00-227.00). Overall survival (OS) of patients with GTR was 85% and 70% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis among chordoma patients undergoing GTR found age ≥65 (P < 0.01) was associated with poorer OS outcomes. RT appeared to trend toward offering benefit in terms of OS in patients after GTR, however this did not achieve statistical significance in the adjusted model (HR = 0.51, CI = 0.23-1.16, P = 0.09). When comparing, disease-specific survival was also not improved in patients undergoing RT (HR = 0.58, CI = 0.23-1.46, P = 0.25). It remains unclear whether RT after GTR of chordoma improved survival outcomes among SEER database patients.

Gendreau J ，Jimenez A ，Lozinsky S ，Zenonos G ，Gardner P ，Raza S ，Dea N ，Gokaslan Z ，Choby G ，Van Gompel J ，Redmond K ，Gallia G ，Bettegowda C ，Rowan N ，Kuo CC ，Mukherjee D ... -  《-》

Sacral chordoma: a clinical review of 101 cases with 30-year experience in a single institution.

Local recurrence rates are high in sacral chordoma patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy may play a role in increasing local control. Patients with locally recurrent tumors continue to comprise a significant proportion of the sacral chordoma population and appear to have worse prognosis than those with primary tumors. High-quality studies comparing presentation and treatments for primary and first local recurrent sacral chordoma tumors are sparse. To determine: whether there is a difference in how primary and tumors at first recurrence present; the overall survival, local relapse-free survival, and distant relapse-free survival rates and prognostic factors for patients presenting with a primary tumor; overall survival, local relapse-free survival, and distant relapse-free survival rates and prognostic factors for patients presenting with a first local relapse; if there any differences in overall survival, local relapse-free survival, and distant relapse-free survival rates between patients presenting with a primary tumor and those with a first local relapse. Retrospective case series. One hundred one sacral chordoma cases. Overall survival, local relapse-free survival, and distant relapse-free survival rates. Between 1978 and 2013, 131 patients with sacral chordoma were seen. Of them, 17 patients (13%) presented with a history of more than one local recurrence. One patient (1%) presented with multiple distant metastases. Ten patients (8%) had less than 36 months of follow-up and had no event (eg, death, local recurrence, or distant metastasis). A total of 102 patients met our inclusion criteria: patients with primary or first recurrent tumors, without metastatic disease, who underwent surgery and with at least 36 months of follow-up. One patient (1%) died intraoperatively; therefore, 101 patients were included in the present analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed for primary and local recurrent tumor separately and to compare primary and local recurrent tumors. We analyzed 73 primary and 28 first time recurrent sacral chordomas. Tumor size at presentation was different for primary and recurrent tumors (primary median size: 158 cm3, interquartile range [IQR]: 46-634; recurrent median size: 39 cm3, IQR: 14-175; p=.001). Overall survival at 5 and 10years for the primary tumors was 79% and 59%, respectively. Local relapse-free survival at 5years was 86%. For primary tumors, not receiving radiation was an independent predictor for worse local relapse-free survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0043-0.90; p=.004) and increased tumor size was an independent predictor for both worse overall survival (HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.38-2.42; p=.004) and worse distant relapse-free survival (HR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.47-3.44; p<.001). For recurrent tumors, the 5- and 10-year overall survival was 65% and 40%, respectively. Local relapse-free survival at 5years was 79% for recurrent tumors. On bivariate analysis, increased tumor size was a significant predictor for worse survival (LR median: 338 mL; IQR: 218-503 mL; no LR median: 26 mL; IQR: 9-71 mL). A trend was seen toward better distant relapse survival for tumors presenting as a primary tumor (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.25-1.06; p=.072). Using a combination of surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy allowed us to obtain a good overall survival, local relapse-free survival, and distant relapse-free survival in patients presenting with either a primary tumor or with a first time local recurrent tumor.

van Wulfften Palthe ODR ，Tromp I ，Ferreira A ，Fiore A ，Bramer JAM ，van Dijk NC ，DeLaney TF ，Schwab JH ，Hornicek FJ ... -  《-》