A rare concurrence: Antibodies against Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in a child.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein antibodies (MOG) may be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of many demyelinating diseases. Especially, patients of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin-4 (AQP4) seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), monophasic or recurrent optic neuritis (ON), transverse myelitis and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis (NMDARe) can overlap with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein antibodies. We present a child with autoimmune encephalitis in whom antibodies against Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) were simultaneously detected. The clinical manifestation was characteristic of NMDAR encephalitis, and cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed no signs of encephalomyelitis. On the other hand, complete recovery within first days of steroid treatment was more compatible with the course of MOG antibody-related disease. We emphasize the rarity of this antibody combination in children and suggest these patients, although clinically improved, may require longer follow-up due to the risk of recurrence of two autoimmune disorders.

Sarigecili E ，Cobanogullari MD ，Komur M ，Okuyaz C ... -  《-》

Comparison of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) when they co-exist with anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody (ab) disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can co-exist with anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis (NMDARe). To characterize MOG-ab disease and AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD during NMDARe. We analyzed all the patients with overlapping MOG-ab disease and NMDARe (MNOS) and patients with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD and NMDARe (ANOS) in our hospital and compared those data with data from systematically review of previously published reports. In our cohorts, 11.9% patients with MOG-ab disease and 0.6% patients with NMOSD had overlapping NMDARe (P < 0.01). After treatment with steroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), the median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of the MNOS group decreased significantly during attacks associated with or without NMDARe (P < 0.01 for both), while that of the ANOS group did not (attack: P < 0.05; attack associated with NMDARe: P > 0.05). Analyzed together with previously reported cases, 6% patients with MNOS and 40% patients with ANOS also used rituximab or cyclophosphamide after steroids and/or IVIg (P < 0.05) during attacks associated with NMDARe. Compared with NMOSD, MOG-ab disease may more commonly co-exist with NMDARe. MNOS patients respond better to steroids and IVIg than do ANOS patients during attacks associated with NMDARe.

Fan S ，Xu Y ，Ren H ，Guan H ，Feng F ，Gao X ，Ding D ，Fang F ，Shan G ，Guan T ，Zhang Y ，Dai Y ，Yao M ，Peng B ，Zhu Y ，Cui L ... -  《-》

Overlapping demyelinating syndromes and anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.

Titulaer MJ ，Höftberger R ，Iizuka T ，Leypoldt F ，McCracken L ，Cellucci T ，Benson LA ，Shu H ，Irioka T ，Hirano M ，Singh G ，Cobo Calvo A ，Kaida K ，Morales PS ，Wirtz PW ，Yamamoto T ，Reindl M ，Rosenfeld MR ，Graus F ，Saiz A ，Dalmau J ... -  《-》

Myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG) autoantibodies as potential markers of severe optic neuritis and subclinical retinal axonal degeneration.

Havla J ，Kümpfel T ，Schinner R ，Spadaro M ，Schuh E ，Meinl E ，Hohlfeld R ，Outteryck O ... -  《-》

[A case of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibody-positive encephalitis with optic neuritis].

Nagata S ，Nishimura Y ，Mitsuo K 《-》