Ultrasonic/microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Camptotheca acuminata fruits and its antitumor activity.

In the present study, an efficient ultrasonic/microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) procedure for the polysaccharides from the fruit of Camptotheca acuminata (CAFP) was investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions (ratio of liquid to raw material 30 mL/g, microwave irradiation time of 20 min, microwave irradiation power of 570 W and a fixed ultrasonic power of 50 W obtained by the response surface analysis with Box-Behnken design, satisfactory yields of CAFP (6.81 ± 0.04%) were achieved. The development UMAE technique produced higher yields in a shorter time than conventional hot water extraction (HWE): 20 vs. 120 min. In addition, in vivo CAFP at suitable dose is effective on H22 murine hepatoma strains, and CAFP significantly inhibited the proliferation of human oral carcinoma KB, pancreatic carcinoma BXCP-3 and gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells in vitro, indicating CAFP might be suitable for nature antitumor therapeutic agent development.

Sun H ，Li C ，Ni Y ，Yao L ，Jiang H ，Ren X ，Fu Y ，Zhao C ... -  《-》

Microwave-assisted extraction, physicochemical characterization and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Camptotheca acuminata fruits.

Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Camptotheca acuminate (CAPs) was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal parameters were as follows: microwave power, 600 W; liquid-solid ratio, 40:1 g/mL; extraction time, 14 min; and extraction temperature, 70 °C. Under these conditions, the yield of CAPs reached up to 8.61%. CAP-3, an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 121.34 kDa, was separated and purified from CAPs, which was only composed of glucose and mannose. CAP-3 exhibited strong antioxidant activity against DPPH (IC50: 0.78 mg/mL), hydroxyl radicals (IC50: 0.84 mg/mL) and also showed synergistic antioxidative effect with ascorbic acid in vitro. Meanwhile, CAP-3 could protect plasmid DNA from oxidative damage. Moreover, CAP-3 could improve immunomodulatory activity of RAW264.7 cells through promoting the phagocytosis and nitric oxide release. Therefore, CAP-3 had a strong potential in functional food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries.

Hu W ，Zhao Y ，Yang Y ，Zhang H ，Ding C ，Hu C ，Zhou L ，Zhang Z ，Yuan S ，Chen Y ，Yuan M ... -  《-》

Optimization of microwave assisted extraction, chemical characterization and antitumor activities of polysaccharides from porphyra haitanensis.

Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology was used to extract polysaccharides from Porphyra Haitanensis (PHP) with water. Polysaccharide yield was used as index to evaluate the extraction process. Effects of ratio of water to raw material (X1), microwave power (X2) and extraction time (X3) on polysaccharide yield were investigated. Based on single factor experiment, MAE process of PHP was optimized using response surface methodology. Chemical characterization of PHP was investigated based on analysis of chemical compositions, monosaccharide and thermal gravimetric. The antitumor activities of PHP in vivo and in vitro were evaluated. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for MAE of PHP were ratio of water to raw material 28.98(mL/g), microwave power 77.84 W and extraction time 14.14 min. MAE was a suitable and efficient technique for PHP extraction compared with traditional hot water extraction. Analysis of chemical characterization showed that PHP contained 75.36 ± 1.48% of total carbohydrates, 24.63 ± 1.69% of uronic acid residue and no proteins with monosaccharides such as rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 10.25:9.38:1:12.45:9.9:11.55. Thermal gravimetric analysis suggested that PHP was relatively stable below 170℃. PHP had obvious effect on inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis of SGC-7901 tumor cells in vitro and antitumor effect on SGC-7901 tumor-bearing mice in vivo. The results suggested that PHP had the potential for clinical use in cancer prevention and treatment.

Chen YY ，Xue YT 《-》

Optimized extraction of polysaccharides from Taxus chinensis var. mairei fruits and its antitumor activity.

The simultaneous ultrasonic/microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) method is potentially useful for the extraction of polysaccharides from Taxus chinensis var. mairei fruits (TCFPs). In this study, we used a response surface methodology to identify optimal TCFPs extraction conditions. Optimal parameters were determined as follows: a liquid to raw material ratio of 33 mL/g, an extraction time of 10 min, a microwave power level of 560 W, and a fixed ultrasonic power of 50 W. Under the optimized conditions, TCFPs yields obtained by UMAE were 4.33 ± 0.15%, a 1.79-fold increase compared with conventional heating reflux extraction (HRE). In addition, the extraction time used in UMAE was shorter than that required for HRE: 10 versus 90 min. UMAE is therefore a rapid and efficient method for the extraction of TCFPs. The inhibitory effect of TCFPs on S180 tumor growth in vivo was also studied. The tumor inhibition rate of TCFPs was 76.33%, indicating a tumor-inhibiting effect. Analysis of organ weights demonstrated that TCFPs exhibited no toxicity to liver, kidney, spleen, heart, or lung relative to a positive control group. TCFPs thus show antitumor activity with no organ toxicity.

Zhao C ，Li Z ，Li C ，Yang L ，Yao L ，Fu Y ，He X ，Shi K ，Lu Z ... -  《-》

Optimization of ultrasonic/microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus and evaluation of its anti-tumor activities.

Recently, the use of ultrasonic and microwave has attracted considerable interest as an alternative approach to the traditional extraction methods. In this paper, in order to maximize the yield and purity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the ultrasonic/microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) conditions. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for UMAE were 90W microwave power, 50W ultrasonic power together with 40kHz ultrasonic frequency, solid/water ratio was 1:20 (W/V) and the extracting time was 19min, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the yield and purity of polysaccharides were 3.25% and 73.16%, respectively, which are above that of traditional hot water extraction and close to the predicted value (3.07% and 72.54%, respectively). These results confirmed that ultrasonic/microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) of polysaccharides had great potential and efficiency compared with traditional hot water extraction. At the same time, the anti-tumor activities of the polysaccharides from I. obliquus with UMAE were evaluated. The results suggested that polysaccharides from I. obliquus exhibited obvious anti-tumor activities.

Chen Y ，Gu X ，Huang SQ ，Li J ，Wang X ，Tang J ... -  《-》