Sinonasal inverted papilloma associated with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and literature review of rare malignancies associated with inverted papilloma.

We report a rare case of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) associated with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC). To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe SNEC found during the treatment of sinonasal IP. Surgery and five cycles of cisplatin plus etoposide with concurrent intensity modulated radiation therapy were performed. Neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis was noted during 6 years of post-diagnostic follow-up. The prognosis of SNEC is very poor. Treatment planning for sinonasal IP should consider a possible association with this rare but aggressive malignancy, whose treatment is completely different from that of squamous cell carcinoma, a malignancy which is commonly associated with IP. We also performed a PubMed review of the literature to identify the incidence and pathological diagnosis of associated malignancy. Among a total of 5286 cases of sinonasal IP (61 studies), the incidence of associated malignancy was 8.02% in squamous cell carcinoma, 0.19% in transitional cell carcinoma, 0.04% in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 0.02% in verrucous cell carcinoma and 0.02% in adenocarcinoma. The incidence of associated malignancy was significantly higher in East and Southeast Asia (11.0%) and North America (10.4%) than in Europe (3.9%) (p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively; T-test).

Nakamura Y ，Suzuki M ，Ozaki S ，Yokota M ，Nakayama M ，Hattori H ，Inagaki H ，Murakami S ... -  《-》

Clinical management of squamous cell carcinoma associated with sinonasal inverted papilloma.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) associated with sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP). The medical records of 95 patients who were diagnosed with IP or SCC associated with IP were retrospectively reviewed. Out of 95 patients, 15 were diagnosed with SCC associated with IP. The clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes of the patients were analyzed. The incidence of SCC associated with IP was 15.8%. Although differential diagnosis between IP and SCC associated with IP is difficult, epistaxis may be the specific symptom in SCC associated with IP cases. The 3-year disease-specific survival rate was higher in cases with T1, 2 and 3 than in cases with T4. There was no significant difference in survival rate between maxillary sinus and other primary sites. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in survival rate between the microscopic SCC with IP cases and the other cases. In addition, the patients with <70 years old better than those with >70 years old with a 3-year disease free survival of 80% versus 0%. Some T4 patients were found to have a highly aggressive disease. Therefore, complete surgical resection followed by chemo-radiation therapy is the recommended treatment for patients with T4 disease to control of the primary tumor site.

Yasumatsu R ，Nakashima T ，Sato M ，Nakano T ，Kogo R ，Hashimoto K ，Sawatsubashi M ，Nakagawa T ... -  《-》

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Babin E ，Rouleau V ，Vedrine PO ，Toussaint B ，de Raucourt D ，Malard O ，Cosmidis A ，Makaeieff M ，Dehesdin D ... -  《JOURNAL OF LARYNGOLOGY AND OTOLOGY》

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma originating from inverted papilloma: A case report.

Kim JS ，Hong KH ，Jang KY ，Song JH ... -  《-》

Long-term survival of a patient with primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the maxillary sinus: a case report.

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) of the paranasal sinuses is an extremely rare and distinctive tumor with aggressive clinical behavior. Moreover, SNECs originating in the head and neck region have been reported to be highly aggressive and to have a poor prognosis. This report describes a patient with a maxillary sinus SNEC who was successfully treated with induction chemotherapy using cisplatin and etoposide followed by concurrent chemoradiation therapy with cisplatin and etoposide as radiosensitizers. The patient has remained free of recurrence during 7 years of follow-up. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report describing long-term survival in a patient with a resolved primary SNEC of the maxilla that was successfully treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The clinical and pathologic features of the tumor and the optimal treatment of this patient are discussed.

Hosokawa S ，Okamura J ，Takizawa Y ，Mineta H ... -  《-》