Synergistic impact of co-exposures to toxic metals cadmium, lead, and mercury along with perfluoroalkyl substances on the healthy kidney function.

Impact of co-exposures to toxic metals cadmium, lead, and mercury along with perfluoroalkyl substances on the healthy kidney function was evaluated among US adults aged > = 20 years by analyzing data (N = 7857) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2003-2014. Perfluoroalkyl substances selected for analysis were: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). High levels of exposures to Cd, Pb, total Hg, and PFAS were said to occur if their observed levels in blood/serum were greater than 75th percentiles. A healthy kidney function was defined if estimated glomerular filtration rate was found to be > = 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urine albumin creatinine ratio was ≤ 30 mg/g creatinine. Adjusted odds of a healthy kidney function due to co-exposures to high levels of Cd along with high levels of PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA were found to be 0.713, 0.576, and 0.640 respectively. Adjusted odds of a healthy kidney function due to co-exposures to high levels of Pb along with high levels of PFOA, and PFNA were found to be 0.657, and 0.671 respectively. Co-exposures to high levels of Hg as measured by the total mercury in blood was not found to affect the odds of a healthy kidney function.

Jain RB 《-》

Association of Combined Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Metals with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Haruna I ，Obeng-Gyasi E 《-》

Perfluoroalkyl substances follow inverted U-shaped distributions across various stages of glomerular function: Implications for future research.

Data (N = 6844) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for US adults aged ≥ 20 years for the years 2007-2014 were analyzed to evaluate distributional characteristics of selected perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) - perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) with declining glomerular function. The population was stratified according to the estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) that accompany the stages of kidney disease, designated as glomerular function-1 (GF-1, eGFR>90 mL/min/1.73 m2); GF-2 (eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2), GF-3A (eGFR 45-59 mL/min/1.73 m2), and GF-3B and 4 combined (eGFR 15-44 mL/min/1.73 m2). Unadjusted as well as adjusted geometric means for serum PFOA, PFDA, PFHxS, and PFNA increased as expected through stage GF-3A but decreased below the concentrations associated with GF-1 for those who were in GF-3B/4. For example, unadjusted geometric means for PFOA were 2.59, 3.02, 3.01, and 2.22 ng/mL for GF-1, GF-2, GF-3A, and GF-3B/4 respectively. Adjusted geometric means for PFOA were 2.34, 2.83, 2.83, and 1.81 ng/mL for GF-1, GF-2, GF-3A, and GF-3B/4 respectively. Thus, PFAS were found to follow inverted U-shaped distributions across different stages of glomerular function. For females, decreases in adjusted PFAS serum levels were initiated at GF-3A, while decreases for males began as early as GF-2. Usually, females are known to have lower levels of PFAS but when in GF-3A and GF-3B/4, females were found to have higher levels of PFAS than males. Thus, inverted U-shaped curves for males and females intersected between GF-2 and GF-3A for PFOA and PFHxS and at GF-3A for PFOS and PFNA. Associations between PFAS and biomarkers of kidney function may be modified in both magnitude and even in direction as kidney function deteriorates. These findings have implications for studies that evaluate associations between PFAS and disease states that affect kidney function, as well as outcome biomarkers known to be affected by kidney function.

Jain RB ，Ducatman A 《-》

Co-exposures to toxic metals cadmium, lead, and mercury and their impact on unhealthy kidney function.

Jain RB 《-》

Associations between concentrations of selected perfluoroalkyl acids and concentrations of blood cadmium, lead, and total mercury.

Jain RB 《-》