Metabolic responses of brown planthoppers to IR56 resistant rice cultivar containing multiple resistance genes.

The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is one of the most destructive pests in rice production, and rice resistance is thought to be an economical and environmentally friendly strategy against BPH. Although resistant rice cultivars have been widely applied to control BPH, little is known regarding the impact of the ingestion of resistant plant phloem on the BPH physiological metabolism. In this study, the differences in the metabolic responses of BPH nymphs during the first 72 h after ingesting susceptible TN1 and resistant IR56 plant phloem were compared. The results showed that BPH nymphs feeding on IR56 plants exhibited significant decreases in honeydew excretion and body weight, and significantly lower concentrations of most of the detected sugars, vitamins and some essential amino acids but higher levels of most amides, free fatty acids and some non-essential amino acids. These findings indicate that the energy metabolism and nutrition supply of these nymphs were disturbed by the resistant rice plants. The qPCR results revealed that BPH could actively adapt to IR56 plants by upregulating the gene expression levels of some detoxification enzymes, including GST, CarE and POD, to some extent. These results provide additional information to improve our understanding of physiological mechanism underlying the loss of BPH fitness caused by resistant rice varieties.

Yue L ，Kang K ，Zhang W 《-》

Comparative metabolomics analysis of different resistant rice varieties in response to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Hemiptera: Delphacidae.

Kang K ，Yue L ，Xia X ，Liu K ，Zhang W ... -  《-》

Dynamic metabolic responses of brown planthoppers towards susceptible and resistant rice plants.

Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) causes huge economic losses in rice-growing regions, and new strategies for combating BPH are required. To understand how BPHs respond towards BPH-resistant plants, we systematically analysed the metabolic differences between BPHs feeding on the resistant and susceptible plants using NMR and GC-FID/MS. We also measured the expression of some related genes involving glycolysis and biosyntheses of trehalose, amino acids, chitin and fatty acids using real-time PCR. BPH metabonome was dominated by more than 60 metabolites including fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleosides/nucleotides and TCA cycle intermediates. After initial 12 h, BPHs feeding on the resistant plants had lower levels of amino acids, glucose, fatty acids and TCA cycle intermediates than on the susceptible ones. The levels of these metabolites recovered after 24 h feeding. This accompanied with increased level in trehalose, choline metabolites and nucleosides/nucleotides compared with BPH feeding on the susceptible plants. Decreased levels of BPH metabolites at the early feeding probably resulted from less BPH uptakes of sap from resistant plants and recovery of BPH metabolites at the later stage probably resulted from their adaptation to the adverse environment with their increased hopping frequency to ingest more sap together with contributions from yeast-like symbionts in BPHs. Throughout 96 h, BPH feeding on the resistant plants showed significant up-regulation of chitin synthase catalysing biosynthesis of chitin for insect exoskeleton, peritrophic membrane lining gut and tracheae. These findings provided useful metabolic information for understanding the BPH-rice interactions and perhaps for developing new BPH-combating strategies.

Liu C ，Du B ，Hao F ，Lei H ，Wan Q ，He G ，Wang Y ，Tang H ... -  《-》

Differential Responses of OsMPKs in IR56 Rice to Two BPH Populations of Different Virulence Levels.

Nanda S ，Wan PJ ，Yuan SY ，Lai FX ，Wang WX ，Fu Q ... -  《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES》

Molecular dynamics of detoxification and toxin-tolerance genes in brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål., Homoptera: Delphacidae) feeding on resistant rice plants.

Yang Z ，Zhang F ，He Q ，He G ... -  《ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY》