A Retrospective Study of Culture-confirmed Mycobacterial Infection among Hospitalized HIV-infected Patients in Beijing, China.

A retrospective analysis was performed in two major HIV/AIDS referral hospitals in Beijing to evaluate the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections in HIV-infected patients. A total of 627 patients' data were reviewed, and 102 (16.3%) patients were diagnosed with culture-confirmed mycobacterial infection, including 84 with MTB, 16 with NTM, and 2 with both MTB and NTM. The most frequent clinical complication by mycobacterial infection was pulmonary infection (48/102, 47.1%). The overall rates of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) were 11.9% and 3.4%, respectively. This study underlines the urgent need to intensify screening for mycobacteria coinfection with HIV and to prevent the spread of drug-resistant TB among HIV-infected patients.

Zhao XY ，Zeng ZY ，Hua WH ，Yu YH ，Guo CP ，Zhao XQ ，Dong HY ，Liu J ，Wan KL ... -  《BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES》

Tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria among HIV-infected individuals in Ghana.

To assess the prevalence and clinical importance of previously unrecognised tuberculosis (TB) and isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) among HIV-infected individuals in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Intensified mycobacterial case finding was conducted among HIV-positive individuals before initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, medical history and TB-related signs and symptoms, and participants were followed for six months to determine treatment and vital status. Two sputum samples were obtained and examined for mycobacteria with smear microscopy, culture and Xpert MTB/RIF assay. NTM species were identified with the GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS or sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Of 473 participants, 60 (12.7%) had confirmed pulmonary TB, and 38 (8.0%) had positive cultures for NTM. Mycobacterium avium complex was identified in 9/38 (23.7%) of NTM isolates. Participants with NTM isolated were more likely to have CD4 cell count< 100 cells/μL (aOR 2.37; 95% CI: 1.10-5.14), BMI<18.5kg/m(2) (aOR 2.51; 95% CI: 1.15-5.51) and fever ≥2 weeks (aOR 2.76; 95% CI: 1.27-6.03) at baseline than participants with no mycobacteria. By six months, 76 (16.1%) participants had died; 20 (33.3%) with confirmed TB and 9 (23.7%) with NTM-positive culture. Mortality at six months was independently associated with TB diagnosis at enrolment (aHR 1.97; 95% CI 1.09-3.59), but not with NTM isolation after controlling for age, sex, CD4 cell count, BMI, prolonged fever and ART initiation. Intensified mycobacterial screening of HIV-infected individuals revealed a high burden of unrecognised pulmonary TB before ART initiation, which increased risk of death within six months. NTM were frequently isolated and associated with signs of poor clinical status but not with increased mortality.

Bjerrum S ，Oliver-Commey J ，Kenu E ，Lartey M ，Newman MJ ，Addo KK ，Hilleman D ，Andersen AB ，Johansen IS ... -  《-》

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolates from HIV-infected patients in Guangxi, China.

Lan R ，Yang C ，Lan L ，Ou J ，Qiao K ，Liu F ，Gao Q ... -  《-》

Prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections among tuberculosis suspects in Nigeria.

Aliyu G ，El-Kamary SS ，Abimiku A ，Brown C ，Tracy K ，Hungerford L ，Blattner W ... -  《PLoS One》

Nontuberculous mycobacterial species and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex coinfection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Mertaniasih NM ，Kusumaningrum D ，Koendhori EB ，Soedarsono ，Kusmiati T ，Dewi DN ... -  《-》