Bi-directional longitudinal associations between different types of bullying victimization, suicide ideation/attempts, and depression among a large sample of European adolescents.

The association between bullying victimization and depression, suicide ideation and suicide attempts has been studied mainly in cross-sectional studies. This study aims to test the bidirectional effect and the chronicity versus sporadic effect of physical, verbal, and relational bullying victimization on suicidal ideation/attempts and depression. Longitudinal assessments with an interval of 3- and 12-months were performed within a sample of 2,933 adolescents (56.1% females; mean age 14.78, SD = .89) from 10 European countries, participating in the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) school-based multicenter control sample. Multilevel Structural Equation Models were used, controlling for sociodemographic variables. Victimization was considered chronic when a student was victimized in the first two time points and sporadic when it was reported only at one point but not in another. Bidirectional prospective association between all types of victimization and depression were found. Among participants, who reported victimization once (but not twice), physical victimization, but not verbal and relational, was associated with later suicidal ideation and attempts. Chronic victimization of any type increased likelihood for later depression compared with sporadic and no-victimization. Chronic relational victimization increased the likelihood of later suicidal ideation, and chronic physical victimization increased the likelihood for suicidal attempts. The results support the bidirectional effect of victimization and depression and indicate that there are complex longitudinal associations between victimization and suicidal ideation/attempts. Physical victimization may especially carry effect on suicidal risk over time. Interventions should focus on victimization as a cause of distress but also aim to prevent vulnerable adolescents from becoming targets of victimization.

Brunstein Klomek A ，Barzilay S ，Apter A ，Carli V ，Hoven CW ，Sarchiapone M ，Hadlaczky G ，Balazs J ，Kereszteny A ，Brunner R ，Kaess M ，Bobes J ，Saiz PA ，Cosman D ，Haring C ，Banzer R ，McMahon E ，Keeley H ，Kahn JP ，Postuvan V ，Podlogar T ，Sisask M ，Varnik A ，Wasserman D ... -  《-》

Bullying Victimization and Suicide Ideation and Behavior Among Adolescents in Europe: A 10-Country Study.

To examine risk and protective factors moderating the associations between three types of bullying victimization (physical, verbal, and relational bullying) with suicide ideation/attempts in a large representative sample of European adolescents. We analyzed cross-sectional data on 11,110 students (mean age = 14.9, standard deviation = .89) recruited from 168 schools in 10 European Union countries involved in the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe study. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure victimization types, depression, anxiety, parental and peer support, and suicide ideation and attempts. For each outcome, we applied hierarchical nonlinear models controlling for sociodemographics. Prevalence of victimization was 9.4% physical, 36.1% verbal, and 33.0% relational. Boys were more likely to be physically and verbally victimized, whereas girls were more prone to relational victimization. Physical victimization was associated with suicide ideation, and relational victimization was associated with suicide attempts. Other associations between victimization and suicidality (ideation/attempts) were identified through analysis of interactions with additional risk and protective factors. Specifically, verbal victimization was associated with suicide ideation among adolescents with depression who perceived low parental support. Similarly, low peer support increased the associations between verbal victimization and suicide ideation. Verbal victimization was associated with suicide attempts among adolescents with anxiety who perceived low parental support. Findings support the development of prevention strategies for adolescent victims of bullying who may be at elevated risk for suicide ideation/behavior, by taking into account gender, the type of bullying, symptomatology, and availability of interpersonal support.

Barzilay S ，Brunstein Klomek A ，Apter A ，Carli V ，Wasserman C ，Hadlaczky G ，Hoven CW ，Sarchiapone M ，Balazs J ，Kereszteny A ，Brunner R ，Kaess M ，Bobes J ，Saiz P ，Cosman D ，Haring C ，Banzer R ，Corcoran P ，Kahn JP ，Postuvan V ，Podlogar T ，Sisask M ，Varnik A ，Wasserman D ... -  《-》

Associations between Chinese adolescents subjected to traditional and cyber bullying and suicidal ideation, self-harm and suicide attempts.

Peng Z ，Klomek AB ，Li L ，Su X ，Sillanmäki L ，Chudal R ，Sourander A ... -  《BMC Psychiatry》

Peer Victimization and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Depressed Adolescents.

Stewart JG ，Valeri L ，Esposito EC ，Auerbach RP ... -  《-》

Association between victimization by bullying and direct self injurious behavior among adolescence in Europe: a ten-country study.

Brunstein Klomek A ，Snir A ，Apter A ，Carli V ，Wasserman C ，Hadlaczky G ，Hoven CW ，Sarchiapone M ，Balazs J ，Bobes J ，Brunner R ，Corcoran P ，Cosman D ，Haring C ，Kahn JP ，Kaess M ，Postuvan V ，Sisask M ，Tubiana A ，Varnik A ，Žiberna J ，Wasserman D ... -  《-》