Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus canis in quarter milk samples from Bavaria, Southern Germany, between 2012 and 2022.
The objective of this study was to analyze the in vitro antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Streptococcusdysgalactiae, Strep. agalactiae, and Strep. canis over a 10-yr period from 2012 to 2022 against the most commonly used antimicrobial agents. For this purpose, all quarter milk samples (QMS) submitted to the milk laboratory of the Bavarian Animal Health Service were analyzed. Each QMS was tested using the California Mastitis Test and categorized as negative, subclinical, or clinical mastitis if the milk character was abnormal. Samples with Strep. dysgalactiae, Strep. agalactiae, or Strep. canis were included and a subset of isolates were further tested for in vitro AMR by breakpoint analysis with broth microdilution. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (61%, n = 65,750) was the most abundant pathogen among those 3 species, followed by Strep. agalactiae (28%, n = 30,486), and Strep. canis (11%, n = 11,336). All 3 species showed the highest resistance to the same 4 antimicrobial agents: erythromycin, marbofloxacin, pirlimycin, and cefalexin/kanamycin with varying degrees of resistance. Throughout the study period, Strep. dysgalactiae, Strep. agalactiae, and Strep. canis were largely susceptible to the remaining antimicrobial agents tested (penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, oxacillin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefquinome). Only less than 14% of isolates of Strep. dysgalactiae and Strep. canis were resistant against any of the antimicrobials tested. Streptococcus agalactiae was the species with the highest percentage of resistant isolates. Although the percentage of resistant isolates from Strep. canis and Strep. dysgalactiae decreased, the percentage of resistant Strep. agalactiae isolates increased after 2017. In summary, most isolates were not resistant to the most commonly used antimicrobial agents for mastitis therapy, including β-lactam antibiotics and penicillin should remain the first-choice therapy against streptococcal mastitis.
Bechtold V
，Petzl W
，Huber-Schlenstedt R
，Gangl A
，Sorge US
... -
《-》
Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of selected resistance genes in gram-positive mastitis pathogens isolated from Wisconsin dairy cows.
In the United States, few intramammary antimicrobials exist that are approved for treatment of bovine mastitis; thus, ensuring judicious use of these products is a priority. The objectives of this study were to determine phenotypic susceptibility and presence of selected antimicrobial resistance genes from staphylococci, streptococci, and streptococcal-like organisms recovered from cases of clinical mastitis occurring in cows on large Wisconsin farms. Staphylococcus aureus (n=35 from 19 herds), coagulase-negative staphylococci (n=51 from 30 herds), Streptococcus spp. (n=78 from 36 herds), and streptococcal-like organisms (n=31 from 19 herds) were used in this study. All Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to ceftiofur, cephalothin, and the combination of penicillin and novobiocin. Of all staphylococci, only a single Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibited phenotypic resistance to oxacillin. Phenotypic susceptibility to erythromycin was observed in only 8.6 and 15.7% of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, respectively. Approximately 20% of staphylococci and 13 to 22% of streptococci and streptococcal-like organisms exhibited phenotypic resistance to pirlimycin. All Streptococcus spp. exhibited phenotypic susceptibility to ceftiofur, cephalothin, and oxacillin. The proportion of isolates exhibiting phenotypic susceptibility to pirlimycin and sulfadimethoxine differed among Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. All streptococcal-like organisms exhibited phenotypic susceptibility to ceftiofur, cephalothin, oxacillin, penicillin, and the combination of penicillin and novobiocin. Of all organisms tested, 36.9% did not carry any of the resistance genes (ermC, blaZ, tetK, or tetM), 35.4% carried 1 gene, and 27.7% carried multiple genes (usually blaZ in combination with a tet gene). Eighteen (51.4%) Staph. aureus and 12 (48.0%) Staphylococcus chromogenes carried multiple resistance genes. Six (12.2%) Strep. dysgalactiae and no Strep. uberis carried multiple resistance genes. Results indicate that most gram-positive mastitis organisms were susceptible to most antimicrobials used for intramammary administration, but some resistance to drugs used for systemic treatment of mastitis was noted. The presence of selected resistance genes was not proportional to the occurrence of phenotypic resistance.
Ruegg PL
，Oliveira L
，Jin W
，Okwumabua O
... -
《-》
Characterization of Streptococcus lutetiensis isolated from clinical mastitis of dairy cows.
Streptococcus lutetiensis, previously termed Streptococcus bovis type II/1, has rarely been associated with bovine mastitis. The objectives of this work were to characterize the molecular diversity, antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence genes of Strep. lutetiensis (n = 37) isolated from bovine clinical mastitis, as well as its pathogenic effects in a murine mastitis model. Genetic relationships of isolates were determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, virulence genes were detected by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by broth microdilution technique. The pathogenic effects of Strep. lutetiensis were studied with 2 infection models: bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro and murine mammary infection in vivo. Streptococcus lutetiensis isolates were clustered into 5 RAPD-types (A-E), with a dominant type A representing 84% of isolates. Eighteen (49%), 16 (43%), and 9 (24%) isolates were resistant to ceftiofur, tetracycline, and erythromycin, respectively. Prevalence of multidrug resistance (resistant to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials) was 24% (9/37). The most prevalent virulence genes were bca (100%), speG (100%), hly (97%), scpB (95%), and ssa (95%). There was no difference between isolates from mild and moderate cases of bovine mastitis in prevalence of virulence genes. Streptococcus lutetiensis rapidly adhered to and subsequently invaded (1 and 3 h after infection, respectively) bovine mammary epithelial cells, resulting in elevated lactate dehydrogenase release (4 h after infection). Edema and hyperemia were observed in challenged mammary glands and bacteria were consistently isolated at 12, 24, and 48 h after infection. In addition, numerous neutrophils migrated into gland alveoli and interstitium of infected mammary tissue. We concluded that Strep. lutetiensis had potential to spread within a dairy herd and good adaptive ability in bovine mammary cells or tissue, which are generally characteristics of a contagious mastitis pathogen.
Chen P
，Qiu Y
，Liu G
，Li X
，Cheng J
，Liu K
，Qu W
，Zhu C
，Kastelic JP
，Han B
，Gao J
... -
《-》
ResearchGate
(全网免费下载)
钛学术
(全网免费下载)
