A cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist reduces blood-brain barrier damage via induction of MKP-1 after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and the following development of brain edema, is the most life-threatening secondary injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study is to investigate a potential role and mechanism of JWH133, a selected cannabinoid receptor type2 (CB2R) agonist, on protecting blood-brain barrier integrity after ICH. 192 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into Sham; ICH + Vehicle; ICH + JWH 1.0 mg/kg, ICH + JWH 1.5 mg/kg and ICH + JWH 2.0 mg/kg; ICH + SR + JWH respectively. Animals were euthanized at 24 h following western blots and immunofluorescence staining, we also examined the effect of JWH133 on the brain water contents, neurobehavioral deficits and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, meanwhile reassessed the inflammatory cytokines concentrations around the hematoma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in each group. JWH133 (1.5 mg/kg) administration ameliorated brain edema, neurological deficits and blood-brain barrier damage, as well as microglia activation. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and matrix metallopeptidase-2/9 (MMP2/9) were attenuated, but not monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Additionally, decreases in zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5 expression were partially recovered by JWH133. Furthermore, JWH133 upregulated the expression level of MKP-1, which leads to the inhibition of MAPKs signaling pathway activation, especially for ERK and P38. However, these effects were reversed by pretreatment with a selective CB2R antagonist, SR144528. CB2R agonist alleviated neuroinflammation and protected blood-brain barrier permeability in a rat ICH model. Further molecular mechanisms revealed which is probably mediated by enhancing the expression of MKP-1, then inhibited MAPKs signal transduction.

Li L ，Yun D ，Zhang Y ，Tao Y ，Tan Q ，Qiao F ，Luo B ，Liu Y ，Fan R ，Xian J ，Yu A ... -  《-》

A Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonist Prevents Thrombin-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Damage via the Inhibition of Microglial Activation and Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Rats.

Li L ，Tao Y ，Tang J ，Chen Q ，Yang Y ，Feng Z ，Chen Y ，Yang L ，Yang Y ，Zhu G ，Feng H ，Chen Z ... -  《-》

Cannabinoid type 2 receptor stimulation attenuates brain edema by reducing cerebral leukocyte infiltration following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Early brain injury (EBI), following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), comprises blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and consequent edema formation. Peripheral leukocytes can infiltrate the injured brain, thereby aggravating BBB leakage and neuroinflammation. Thus, anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies may ameliorate EBI and provide neuroprotection after SAH. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) agonism has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation; however, the precise protective mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate whether the selective CB2R agonist, JWH133 can ameliorate EBI by reducing brain-infiltrated leukocytes after SAH. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated, SAH with vehicle, SAH with JWH133 (1.0mg/kg), or SAH with a co-administration of JWH133 and selective CB2R antagonist SR144528 (3.0mg/kg). SAH was induced by endovascular perforation, and JWH133 was administered 1h after surgery. Neurological deficits, brain water content, Evans blue dye extravasation, and Western blot assays were evaluated at 24h after surgery. JWH133 improved neurological scores and reduced brain water content; however, SR144528 reversed these treatment effects. JWH133 reduced Evans blue dye extravasation after SAH. Furthermore, JWH133 treatment significantly increased TGF-β1 expression and prevented an SAH-induced increase in E-selectin and myeloperoxidase. Lastly, SAH resulted in a decreased expression of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1); however, JWH133 treatment increased the ZO-1 expression. We suggest that CB2R stimulation attenuates neurological outcome and brain edema, by suppressing leukocyte infiltration into the brain through TGF-β1 up-regulation and E-selectin reduction, resulting in protection of the BBB after SAH.

Fujii M ，Sherchan P ，Krafft PR ，Rolland WB ，Soejima Y ，Zhang JH ... -  《-》

Cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist attenuates blood‑brain barrier damage in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage by activating the Rac1 pathway.

Wang Z ，Li Y ，Cai S ，Li R ，Cao G ... -  《-》

Cannabinoid CB2 receptor stimulation attenuates brain edema and neurological deficits in a germinal matrix hemorrhage rat model.

Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is one of the most common and devastating cerebrovascular events that affect premature infants, resulting in a significant socioeconomic burden. However, GMH has been largely unpreventable, and clinical treatments are mostly inadequate. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that JWH133, a selective CB2 receptor agonist, could attenuate brain injury and neurological deficits in a clostridial collagenase VII induced GMH model in seven-day-old (P7) S-D rat pups. Up to 1h post-injury, the administration of JWH133 (1mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) significantly attenuated brain edema at 24h post-GMH, which was reversed by a selective CB2R antagonist, SR144528 (3mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection). Long-term brain morphology and neurofunctional outcomes were also improved. In contrast, JWH133 did not have a noticeable effect on the hematoma volume during the acute phase. These data also showed that microglia activation and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) release were significantly inhibited by JWH133 after GMH. This current study suggests a potential clinical utility for CB2R agonists as a potential therapy to reduce neurological injury and improve patient outcomes after GMH.

Tao Y ，Tang J ，Chen Q ，Guo J ，Li L ，Yang L ，Feng H ，Zhu G ，Chen Z ... -  《-》