Sex Difference in the Association Between Protein Intake and Frailty: Assessed Using the Kihon Checklist Indexes Among Older Adults.

Dietary protein intake is inversely associated with physical frailty risk. However, it is unknown whether an association exists between dietary protein intake and comprehensive frailty. To evaluate the association between protein intake and comprehensive frailty in older Japanese adults. This cross-sectional study included 5638 Japanese participants (2707 men and 2931 women) aged ≥65 years from Kameoka City, Kyoto, Japan. Dietary intake was estimated using a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Comprehensive frailty was assessed using a 25-item Kihon Checklist (KCL), which comprised instrumental activities of daily living, mobility disability, malnutrition, oral or eating function, socialization and housebound, cognitive function, and depression domains. A KCL score of 4 to 6 was defined as prefrailty, and ≥7 as frailty. In women, but not in men, protein intake showed a lower prevalence for prefrailty (Q1-Q4, 40.2%, 34.3%, 34.3%, and 36.0%). Higher protein intake was associated with lower prevalence of frailty both in men (32.5%, 28.4%, 28.3%, and 27.3%) and women (35.7%, 31.4%, 27.6%, and 28.2%). Moreover, higher dietary protein intake decreased the odds ratio (OR) for frailty after adjustment for potential confounding factors in both men (OR for highest vs lowest quartile, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.89; P for trend = 0.016) and women (OR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.91; P for trend = 0.017). The higher dietary protein intake may be inversely associated with the prevalence of comprehensive frailty in Japanese men and women. Future studies are needed to examine associations of dietary protein intake within KCL domains.

Nanri H ，Yamada Y ，Yoshida T ，Okabe Y ，Nozawa Y ，Itoi A ，Yoshimura E ，Watanabe Y ，Yamaguchi M ，Yokoyama K ，Ishikawa-Takata K ，Kobayashi H ，Kimura M ，Kyoto-Kameoka Study Group ... -  《-》

The Association between Habitual Green Tea Consumption and Comprehensive Frailty as Assessed by Kihon Checklist Indexes among an Older Japanese Population.

Nanri H ，Yoshida T ，Watanabe Y ，Fujita H ，Kimura M ，Yamada Y ，On Behalf Of The Kameoka Study Group ... -  《Nutrients》

Prevalence of Frailty Assessed by Fried and Kihon Checklist Indexes in a Prospective Cohort Study: Design and Demographics of the Kyoto-Kameoka Longitudinal Study.

The Kyoto-Kameoka Study was launched in 2011-2012 to identify the associations among food intake, nutritional status, physical activity, oral function, quality of life or social capital, the use of long-term care insurance (LTCI) system, and healthy lifespan in community-dwelling older people as a part of the World Health Organization Safe Community program. A prospective cohort study, reporting baseline demographics (cross-sectional data). We conducted 2 mailed self-administered questionnaire surveys; one is a complete population survey with a comprehensive survey of needs in the sphere of daily life (NSDL) that included 2 different frailty indexes, the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and the Fried phenotype, socioeconomic status, general and psychological health, and social relationships; followed by the more detailed Health and Nutrition Survey. A slightly modified NSDL survey was conducted again in 2013. Survival time, LTCI certification, and medical and long-term care costs after the baseline survey will be followed. Of 18,231 NSDL questionnaires distributed, 13,294 people responded (response rate: 72.92%; mean age 73.7 ± 6.4 and 75.1 ± 7.2 years for men and women, respectively; 12,054 people without and 1240 with LTCI certification). In people without LTCI, the proportion of robust, prefrail, and frail were 30.3%, 59.8%, and 9.9% in men and 25.3%, 64.7%, and 10.0% in women, according to the Fried index. The proportion of frail people as defined by KCL ≥7 was 30.8% in men and 33.3% in women. The study is the first to document frailty prevalence using both Fried and KCL measures with a complete city population survey among older Japanese in the community as a part of World Health Organization Safe Community program. The study is expected to provide valuable evidence of the effects of lifestyle habits on long-term care prevention and healthy life span.

Yamada Y ，Nanri H ，Watanabe Y ，Yoshida T ，Yokoyama K ，Itoi A ，Date H ，Yamaguchi M ，Miyake M ，Yamagata E ，Tamiya H ，Nishimura M ，Fujibayashi M ，Ebine N ，Yoshida M ，Kikutani T ，Yoshimura E ，Ishikawa-Takata K ，Yamada M ，Nakaya T ，Yoshinaka Y ，Fujiwara Y ，Arai H ，Kimura M ... -  《-》

Association between the Frequency of Protein-Rich Food Intakes and Kihon-Checklist Frailty Indices in Older Japanese Adults: The Kyoto-Kameoka Study.

Yamaguchi M ，Yamada Y ，Nanri H ，Nozawa Y ，Itoi A ，Yoshimura E ，Watanabe Y ，Yoshida T ，Yokoyama K ，Goto C ，Ishikawa-Takata K ，Kobayashi H ，Kimura M ，Kyoto-Kameoka Study Group ... -  《-》

The Relationship between Dietary Habits and Frailty in Rural Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Observation Study Using a Brief Self-Administered Dietary History Questionnaire.

Tamaki K ，Kusunoki H ，Tsuji S ，Wada Y ，Nagai K ，Itoh M ，Sano K ，Amano M ，Maeda H ，Hasegawa Y ，Kishimoto H ，Shimomura S ，Shinmura K ... -  《-》