Maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary supply modulates microglia lipid content in the offspring.

The brain is highly enriched in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) that are esterified into phospholipids, the major components of cell membranes. They accumulate during the perinatal period when the brain is rapidly developing. Hence, the levels of LC-PUFAs in the brains of the offspring greatly depend on maternal dietary intake. Perinatal n-3 PUFA consumption has been suggested to modulate the activity of microglial cells, the brain's innate immune cells which contribute to the shaping of neuronal network during development. However, the impact of maternal n-3 PUFA intake on microglial lipid composition in the offspring has never been studied. To investigate the impact of maternal dietary n-3 PUFA supply on microglia lipid composition, pregnant mice were fed with n-3 PUFA deficient, n-3 PUFA balanced or n-3 PUFA supplemented diets during gestation and lactation. At weaning, microglia were isolated from the pup's brains to analyze their fatty acid composition and phospholipid class levels. We here report that post-natal microglial cells displayed a distinctive lipid profile as they contained high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), more EPA than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and large amount of phosphatidylinositol (PI) / phosphatidylserine (PS). Maternal n-3 PUFA supply increased DHA levels and decreased n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) levels whereas the PI/PS membrane content was inversely correlated to the quantity of PUFAs in the diet. These results raise the possibility of modulating microglial lipid profile and their subsequent activity in the developing brain.

Rey C ，Nadjar A ，Joffre F ，Amadieu C ，Aubert A ，Vaysse C ，Pallet V ，Layé S ，Joffre C ... -  《-》

Short-term supplementation of EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen increases the level of DHA in the brain and liver of n-3 PUFA deficient mice in early life after weaning.

Fu SS ，Wen M ，Zhao YC ，Shi HH ，Wang YM ，Xue CH ，Wei ZH ，Zhang TT ... -  《-》

Maternal dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid deprivation does not exacerbate post-weaning reductions in arachidonic acid and its mediators in the mouse hippocampus.

Alashmali SM ，Kitson AP ，Lin L ，Lacombe RJS ，Bazinet RP ... -  《-》

Maternal supplementation with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during perinatal period alleviates the metabolic syndrome disturbances in adult hamster pups fed a high-fat diet after weaning.

Perinatal nutrition is thought to affect the long-term risk of the adult to develop metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that maternal supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy and lactation would protect offspring fed a high-fat diet from developing metabolic disturbances. Thus, two groups of female hamsters were fed a low-fat control diet, either alone (LC) or enriched with n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) (LO), through the gestational and lactation periods. After weaning, male pups were randomized to separate groups that received either a control low-fat diet (LC) or a high-fat diet (HC) for 16 weeks. Four groups of pups were defined (LC-LC, LC-HC, LO-LC and LO-HC), based on the combinations of maternal and weaned diets. Maternal n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation was associated with reduced levels of basal plasma glucose, hepatic triglycerides secretion and postprandial lipemia in the LO-HC group compared to the LC-HC group. Respiratory parameters were not affected by maternal supplementation. In contrast, n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation significantly enhanced the activities of citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase compared to the offspring of unsupplemented mothers. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 and tumor necrosis factor α expression levels were not affected by n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation. These results provide evidence for a beneficial effect of n-3 LC-PUFA maternal supplementation in hamsters on the subsequent risk of metabolic syndrome. Underlying mechanisms may include improved lipid metabolism and activation of the mitochondrial oxidative pathway.

Kasbi-Chadli F ，Boquien CY ，Simard G ，Ulmann L ，Mimouni V ，Leray V ，Meynier A ，Ferchaud-Roucher V ，Champ M ，Nguyen P ，Ouguerram K ... -  《-》

Polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of maternal diet and erythrocyte phospholipid status in Chilean pregnant women.

Bascuñán KA ，Valenzuela R ，Chamorro R ，Valencia A ，Barrera C ，Puigrredon C ，Sandoval J ，Valenzuela A ... -  《Nutrients》