The associations between liver enzymes and the risk of metabolic syndrome in the elderly.

Studies have demonstrated that liver enzymes are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little information is available regarding these relationships in elderly populations. Our present study aimed to explore the associations between liver enzymes and the risk of MetS in elderly populations. This cross-sectional study included 1444 elder participants (970 men and 474 women) who attended annual physical examinations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to estimate the associations between liver enzymes and the risk of MetS and its components according to quartiles of the concentration of each liver enzyme. The prevalence of MetS and its components increased remarkably with increasing quartiles of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) but not with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the elderly. Compared with subjects in the bottom quartile, the adjusted odds ratio for MetS in the highest ALT, GGT and ALP quartiles were 1.78 (95% CI 1.21-2.61), 2.58 (95% CI 1.77-3.78) and 1.85 (95%CI 1.27-2.70) respectively. No statistically significant increases in the odds ratio for MetS according to increased quartiles of AST were found in either the univariate or multivariate logistic regression analyses. Elevated liver enzymes levels (mainly ALT, GGT and ALP but not AST) are positively associated with the prevalence of MetS in elderly populations.

Liu CF ，Zhou WN ，Lu Z ，Wang XT ，Qiu ZH ... -  《-》

Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Liver Enzymes in the General Chinese Population.

Chen S ，Guo X ，Yu S ，Zhou Y ，Li Z ，Sun Y ... -  《-》

Liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome: a large-scale case-control study.

Zhang L ，Ma X ，Jiang Z ，Zhang K ，Zhang M ，Li Y ，Zhao X ，Xiong H ... -  《Oncotarget》

Association between liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome: a study in Bangladeshi adults.

Ali N ，Samadder M ，Mahmud F ，Islam F ... -  《-》

Non-linear association of liver enzymes with cognitive performance in the elderly: A cross-sectional study.

Although liver metabolic dysfunction has been found to potentially elevate susceptibility to cognitive impairment and dementia, there is still insufficient evidence to explore the non-linear association of liver enzymes with cognitive performance. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the non-linear relationship between liver enzymes and cognitive performance. In this cross-sectional study, 2764 individuals aged ≥ 60 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014 were included. The primary data comprised liver enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST/ALT ratio, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)), and cognitive performance was the major measured outcome. The associations were analyzed using weighted multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, a generalized additive model, smooth fitting curves, and threshold effects. The results of the fully adjusted model indicated that ALP was negatively associated with the animal fluency test (AFT) score (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11-1.98), whereas ALT demonstrated a positive association with the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) test score (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53-0.97). Additionally, the AST/ALT ratio was negatively associated with the global cognitive test (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.53-3.73), CERAD (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.77-3.84), and digit symbol substitution test (DSST) scores (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.57-4.02). GGT was also negatively associated with the AFT score (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.33) in unadjusted model. A non-linear relationship was observed between liver enzymes and the risk of cognitive impairment as assessed by the global cognitive test. Specifically, when ALP > 60 U/L, 0.77 < AST/ALT < 1.76, and 25 < GGT < 94 U/L, higher liver enzyme levels were significantly associated with an elevated cognitive impairment risk, while a lower cognitive impairment risk when ALT level was > 17 U/L. There is a non-linear relationship between liver enzymes and cognitive performance, indicating that liver enzyme levels should be maintained within a certain level to mitigate the risk of cognitive impairment.

Zhang YL ，Jia SY ，Yang B ，Miao J ，Su C ，Cui ZG ，Yang LM ，Guo JH ... -  《PLoS One》