Animal models of multiple sclerosis: Focus on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects more than two million people worldwide. Several animal models resemble MS pathology; the most employed are experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and toxin- and/or virus-induced demyelination. In this review we will summarize our knowledge on the utility of different animal models in MS research. Although animal models cannot replicate the complexity and heterogeneity of the MS pathology, they have proved to be useful for the development of several drugs approved for treatment of MS patients. This review focuses on EAE because it represents both clinical and pathological features of MS. During the past decades, EAE has been effective in illuminating various pathological processes that occur during MS, including inflammation, CNS penetration, demyelination, axonopathy, and neuron loss mediated by immune cells.

Bjelobaba I ，Begovic-Kupresanin V ，Pekovic S ，Lavrnja I ... -  《-》

Animal models of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which involves a complex interaction between immune system and neural cells. Animal modeling has been critical for addressing MS pathogenesis. The three most characterized animal models of MS are (1) the experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE); (2) the virally-induced chronic demyelinating disease, known as Theiler׳s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection and (3) the toxin-induced demyelination. All these models, in a complementary way, have allowed to reach a good knowledge of the pathogenesis of MS. Specifically, EAE is the model which better reflects the autoimmune pathogenesis of MS and is extremely useful to study potential experimental treatments. Furthermore, both TMEV and toxin-induced demyelination models are suitable for characterizing the role of the axonal injury/repair and the remyelination process in MS. In conclusion, animal models, despite their limitations, remain the most useful instrument for implementing the study of MS.

Procaccini C ，De Rosa V ，Pucino V ，Formisano L ，Matarese G ... -  《-》

Time-Dependent Progression of Demyelination and Axonal Pathology in MP4-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Prinz J ，Karacivi A ，Stormanns ER ，Recks MS ，Kuerten S ... -  《PLoS One》

Mast cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Costanza M ，Colombo MP ，Pedotti R 《INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES》

Animal models of multiple sclerosis: From rodents to zebrafish.

Burrows DJ ，McGown A ，Jain SA ，De Felice M ，Ramesh TM ，Sharrack B ，Majid A ... -  《-》