Kisspeptin and its Effect on Mammalian Spermatogensis.

Kisspeptin and its receptor, GPR54, are regarded as key regulators of and catalysts for male puberty onset, and also fundamental gatekeepers of spermatogenesis in mammals. Consequently, the loss function of kisspeptin or GPR54 leads to a symptom of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (HH) in human and HH accompanied by lower gonadotrophic hormone levels, smaller testes, impaired spermatogenesis and abnormal sexual maturation in mice. Besides its well-recognized functions in hypothalamus before and during puberty, accumulating data strongly support kisspeptin production in testis, and participation in somatic and germ cell development and sperm functions as well. This review aims to summarize recent findings regarding kisspeptin activity in the testes and sperm function. We undertook a keyword search of peer-reviewed research literature including data from in vivo and in vitro studies in humans and genetically modified animal models to identify the roles of kisspeptins in male reproduction. A plethora of studies detail the role of kisspeptins and GPR54 in mammalian spermatogenesis in vivo and in vitro. This review identified recent findings regarding the kisspeptin system in male gonads, and regulation of kisspeptin in testicular physiology and male reproductive defects and disorders. The findings of this review confirm the importance role of kisspeptins in male fertility. Understanding their biphasic roles in testis may help to consider kisspeptins as potential pharmacological targets for treating human infertility.

Feng T ，Bai JH ，Xu XL ，Liu Y ... -  《-》

Kisspeptins, Estrogens and Male Fertility.

Chianese R ，Cobellis G ，Chioccarelli T ，Ciaramella V ，Migliaccio M ，Fasano S ，Pierantoni R ，Meccariello R ... -  《-》

Kisspeptin/GPR54 System: What Do We Know About Its Role in Human Reproduction?

Kisspeptin is involved in the control of human reproduction bridging the gap between the sex steroid levels and feedback mechanisms that control the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion; however, studies considering this peptide and infertility are limited. We conducted a review and critical assessment of available evidence considering kisspeptin structure, physiology, function in puberty and reproduction, its role in assisted reproduction treatments, kisspeptin dosage and the impact on KISS1 and GPR54 genes. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed using keywords related to: (i) kisspeptin or receptors, kisspeptin-1 (ii) reproduction or infertility or fertility (iii) gene and (iv) dosage or measurement or quantification or serum level, in human. Kisspeptin is a product of KISS1 gene that binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR54/KISS1R) stimulating the release of GnRH by hypothalamic neurons, leading to secretion of pituitary gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and sexual steroids, which in turn will act in the gonads to produce the gametes. Kisspeptin is being recognized as a crucial regulator of the onset of puberty, the regulation of sex hormone mediated secretion of gonadotropins, and the control of fertility. Inactivating and activating mutations in both KISS1 or GPR54 genes were associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and precocious puberty. Despite this, studies considering kisspeptin and infertility are scarce. The understanding of the role of kisspeptin may lead to its use as a biomarker in infertility treatments and use in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

Trevisan CM ，Montagna E ，de Oliveira R ，Christofolini DM ，Barbosa CP ，Crandall KA ，Bianco B ... -  《-》

Gonadal hormone-dependent vs. -independent effects of kisspeptin signaling in the control of body weight and metabolic homeostasis.

Velasco I ，León S ，Barroso A ，Ruiz-Pino F ，Heras V ，Torres E ，León M ，Ruohonen ST ，García-Galiano D ，Romero-Ruiz A ，Sánchez-Garrido MA ，Ohlsson C ，Castellano JM ，Roa J ，Poutanen M ，Pinilla L ，Vázquez MJ ，Tena-Sempere M ... -  《-》

MINI REVIEW: Role of Kisspeptin-GPR54 system in regulation of reproductive functions in human and other mammals.

Ilahi I ，Haq TU 《Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences》