Fecal Transplant in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have differences in their gastrointestinal microbiome compared with healthy individuals, although it is unclear whether this is a cause or consequence of chronic inflammation. There is hope that manipulation of the gut microbiome through fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), commonly used to treat patients with Clostridium difficile infection, may also be an effective therapy in IBD. This article reviews the evidence supporting FMT in IBD, including case reports, case series, and randomized controlled trials. The article also focuses on questions of safety and speculates on the future of this therapy.

Browne AS ，Kelly CR 《-》

Intestinal microbiota, fecal microbiota transplantation, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Weingarden AR ，Vaughn BP 《-》

The Current Landscape and Lessons from Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Past, Present, and Future.

Allegretti J ，Eysenbach LM ，El-Nachef N ，Fischer M ，Kelly C ，Kassam Z ... -  《-》

Any Future for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as Treatment Strategy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases?

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel therapeutic procedure aiming at restoring a normal intestinal microbiota by application of fecal microorganisms from a healthy subject into the gastrointestinal tract of a patient. FMT is the most effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). These infections also occur in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), where case series demonstrated a successful treatment of CDI by FMT in 83-92% of patients. The effect of FMT on the activity of IBD has mainly been investigated in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, including 3 randomized controlled trials. So far, 2 randomized controlled trials showed a superiority of FMT compared to placebo in inducing remission in UC, while 1 study found no significant difference to placebo. The variation in response to FMT between these studies as well as in the uncontrolled trials might be explained by many differences in the way of FMT application, patient pretreatment and patient and donor selection. The data for the use of FMT in Crohn's disease and pouchitis are sparse; currently, no conclusion can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of FMT in these indications. It needs to be noted that cases of IBD activation after FMT have been reported. So far, FMT can only be recommended to be used for the treatment of concomitant CDI in IBD in clinical practice. For treating IBD irrespective of CDI, FMT should be only used in clinical trials. Current forms of FMT, especially protocols using repeated application, are very time and personnel consuming. Future trends are the use of defined stable microbiota preparations, in particular oral preparations, which will enable better and larger controlled trails for investigating FMT in IBD.

Kump P ，Högenauer C 《-》

Role of fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease.

There is increasing evidence of the key role played by altered intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Management strategies involving immune modulation are effective and widely used, but treatment failures and side effects occur. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) provides a novel, perhaps complementary, strategy to restore the normal gut microbiota in patients with IBD. This review summarizes the available efficacy and safety data on the use of FMT in patients with IBD. Several aspects remain to be clarified about the clinical predictors of the response to FMT, its most appropriate route of administration, and the most appropriate quantity and quality of microbiota to be transplanted. Further studies focusing on long-term outcomes and safety are also warranted.

D'Odorico I ，Di Bella S ，Monticelli J ，Giacobbe DR ，Boldock E ，Luzzati R ... -  《-》